Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Great Stone Face

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE AND THE GREAT STONE FACE RALPH TRANGIA MRS. ARAGON HS4-8 In this paper, every OPINION from someone else has been acknowledge in a parenthetical citation. I realize that the mere presence of a parenthetical citation does not avoid plagiarism. If I have used the exact words, phrases, clauses, or sentences from someone else, I have enclosed that information in quotation marks. If I have paraphrased the opinions of someone else, I have not enclosed the paraphrased portions in quotation marks; but I have stated those opinions in my own words. I have also introduced the paraphrase and have a parenthetical citation to acknowledge the source. ALL FACTUAL INFORMATION (common knowledge or uncontested knowledge), though not credited with a parenthetical citation, has been stated in my sentence structure. I have not used anyone else’s organization of the factual information. Signed:_______________________ Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Great Stone I. Author Background A. Early Life 1. Born in Salem, Massachusets 2. His legs were hit while playing â€Å"bat and ball† 3. Became lame and unable to walk 4. Due to being lame he was able to read many books and this is when he got his some stories B. Education 1. Attended Bowdoin College 2. Became classmate with Longfellow and President F. Pierce 3. Refused to take public speaking C. Career 1. Chosen as the American Adviser at Liverpool England 2. Was given the position as a Surveyor in 1846 D. Achievements 1. Anonymously, Hawthorne’s early stories were published 2. In 1837, the publication of twice told tales somewhat lifted this spell of darkness 3. Hawthorne’s short stories became the best of American classics. . The Great Stone Face 5. Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of America’s best writers. Born in Salem, Massachusets on July 4 1804, he grew up with keen awareness of his religious Puritan family, a understanding which inspired many of his works and achievements. He started his career as writer after he graduated in Bowdoin College. For a mean time Hawthorne was picked as surveyor of customs in Salem and later on, a American consul to Liverpool, England. During his free time, he wrote stories and stories.

My first job experience

I appreciate the most. I feel the individual who I respect most is A. R. Raman. He is an composer, vocalist lyricist, music maker, performer and donor. For the duration of my life, music has dependably been a significant Impact. Music Is an exceptionally Imperative piece of our live, and the Individuals who make music are extremely extraordinary In this world. I appreciate A. R. Raman In light of the way that being a musical artist Is an extraordinary vocation on the grounds that the compensation is great, hard specialist and he got many awards.Most importantly, Raman is the extraordinary music composers in India. He is the writer and also an author and artist. Raman gets compensated as a rate of the quality his songs gets sold. He gets about RSI. 2 to 4 score for one film. The way it meets expectations for a top music author is this: he charges around 10 to 20 lake rupees for every tune; If there are six tunes, he gets paid RSI. 60 lake to 1 to 2 score. In Dalton to this Raman lives up to expectations hard to accomplish his objectives. For Instance when he Is nine his father was dead from that point he starts playing console and orchestrates groups, for example, Roots.He comprehended the console, piano, synthesizer, harmonium and guitar. He got many awards in India as well as in different nations too like Oscar for best melody in Slum dog Millionaire. In spite of the fact that A. R. Raman acquire a normal compensation of around 2 to 4 score for every film, this is just following 10-15 years of being in the music business. Before they achieve this pay, most artists likely battle Just to make a proper living and pay the bills. But at that point then there are plentiful, there are numerous different reasons, other than compensation, his dedicated nature and getting recompenses for his diligent work.

The topic has to be discussed with the writer Outline

The topic has to be discussed with the writer - Outline Example The research aims at answering how the ‘struggle on terror’ and the humanitarian communication reveal the use of information that imitates the genuine motives for eliminating war. Humanitarian researchers argued that, some humanitarian crises that were motivated politically could only be handled by crucial movements of state authority (Crovelli, 2007).Previously, compassionate action was not involved in humanitarian activities, and accepted within the humanitarian freedom a region free of political meddling beneath what can be referred to as a principle of silent impartiality (Abiew, 2010). This theory was accomplished by the (ICRC) International Committee of the Red Cross in the civil war of 1967-1970 in Nigerian-Biafran (Bajoria, 2008). Researchers and other human activists stimulated a political humanitarian achievement (Barber, 2009). In the beginning, it was the role of the government to provide humanitarian liberation even though the violating government failed to give permission (Abebe, 2009). The notion of humanitarian intervention about the right to interfere with humanitarian basis was second-handed by the UN in Iraq and Somalia during the 1991 and 1992, and in 1994 by the France government in Rwanda (Abbott, 2005). Complete application of this method to humanitarian achievement came in to shape United Nations Protection Force activity in Bosnia during 1994-95 (Dantiki, 2005). Evidence indicated that United Nations Protection Force function was to transport humanitarian assistance to refugees, and the surrounded civilian people in towns experiencing wars in areas like Sarajevo (Fisher, 2007). Alternatively, the main weakness of this method was that the interference did not denote stopping the real hostility that was leading to humanitarian catastrophe (Focarelli, 2008). The UN military force was only authorized to protect them, or defend the humanitarian workforce seeking to hand out aid to the civilians (Gutierrez, 2006). The

Subtle Expressions of Patriotism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subtle Expressions of Patriotism - Essay Example It is not the cultures of the Irish, Hispanics, and Germans that dot this continent. America is a set of principles, values, and ideals that have remained unchanged for over two centuries. Giving our continual vigilance and support to these abstract concepts is what patriotism is. A colorful hat or a flag on the lawn does little to strengthen our nation or bind us together as a people. Living the principles and ideals of our founding fathers is a subtle, yet powerful, way to not only show our patriotism, but to put it to work to strengthen our nation. Practicing the founding principle of equality binds us together in a nationalistic environment that creates the strength of numbers with the peace of individualism. We practice equality in our day-to-day lives by acting on the immortal words "We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights" (Declaration of Independence). We live up to this ideal by treating our fellow citizens with dignity and respect. This calls us to do more than simply profess to be fair and equal in our treatment of minorities, religions, and opposing political opinions. It means that we must also accept them as legitimate and equal in terms of allowing them to exist, flourish, and grow. The practice of equality is a subtle expression of patriotism that is built upon the foundation of our nation's beliefs. Equality helps our nation assure that we are allowed to remain free and have the liberty that our independence granted us. Founding father Thomas Jefferson warned us that, "The price of freedom is eternal vigilance" (qtd. in Quotation Page). Our subtle patriotism is shown by our continued watch over our government, its excesses, and its direction in forming our domestic and foreign policies. As with equality, this expression of patriotism also requires action on the part of the citizenry. It requires us to stay informed of the issues that affect America. It demands that we participate in government when possible and whenever necessary. This may mean taking the simple action to vote, or may require running for public office. In addition, as Mark Twain said, we need to support our government when it deserves it. Freedom is a right that must be lived and watched over to assure it remains a part of our American tradition. As a nation that is built on equality and liberty, we have a patriotic obligation to support our country when we can, and criticize it when we can't. While we see our brave soldiers as true patriots, some patriots may be subtler in their approach. Visiting a veteran's hospital to thank the courageous men and women that have placed their life in harms way for our freedom is a quiet, yet forceful, show of patriotism. In addition, we must be willing to criticize our government when our conscience tells us that the government is taking action that is not in the best interest of the people. Civil disobedience can be as patriotic as enlisting in the armed forces. In both cases we are defending the principles and values that make this nation America. In conclusion, patriotism is an action that must be lived and incorporated into our daily lives. It isn't displayed by our once a year display of flags and fireworks. Patriotism is an

At the Core of Hendrix's Ladyland Experience Essay

At the Core of Hendrix's Ladyland Experience - Essay Example Though it lacks the recording quality and quiet grace of "All Along the Watchtower", it throws out the real Hendrix that was woven through all of his too few albums. The song is rooted in Hendrix's genius for creating open-ended passages that flow out of a simple construction based on few chords. His prolific use of the 9th chords provides the song with a rock-blues sound with an ever-present feeling of tension. As Hendrix overlays his classic guitar leads, he pulls the song back to its blues roots only long enough for the listener to catch up and anticipate the coming resolution. The song is reminiscent of other blues giants of the period such as Butterfield, Mayhall, and Bloomfield but benefits from the addition of the extra musical filigree that only Hendrix possessed. The song is further enhanced by the profound use of multi-tracking, which was still a relatively new concept. By today's standards "Long Hot Summer Night" is rather poorly produced. At times the song is muddy and lacks the clear and crisp sound found on other songs from "The Experience". However, Hendrix's guitar leads remain intact with the hair-raising richness that is immediately identifiable. He handles the neck of his Stratocaster as if it's another appendage. Though few devices are noticeable on the track, Hendrix utilizes slides and bends with an ease that leaves no doubt that Jimi is in charge. The fullness of the amplifiers produce a sound that fills the listener with the liquid metallic smoothness of the finest blues-rock sound ever created. The guitar is rife with the round richness of overtones that we know as Hendrix. The familiar guitar is accompanied by Hendrix on vocals and spotlights his classic combination of defiance, pleading, and poetry. Though Hendrix was often self critical of his own voice, on "Long Hot Summer Night" he provides the harmony on the back up parts as well. His self-consciousness shows through as the back up vocals are often thin and seem out of place with the rest of the high power material. However, the force of Hendrix's poetry is able to overpower the song as the back up passages contain no meaningful lyrical content. It is able to successfully tell the age-old story of struggle and conflict that is as important today as it was then. The lyrics, typical of the period, are laced with psychedelic references that would be out of step today. The song tells of "three sugar walls and two candy cane windows " and serves up images of the surreal world of Hendrix. Yet, these are only lyrical devices that Hendrix uses to set the stage for his story. It is about the troubled "Summer of '68" and the trouble Hendrix was confronting while seeing himself as a musician thrust into a world of business and fame that he privately shunned. It is a song about escaping the twin masters he served, his art and the record label, as we see in his use of contrast as he repeats the line "hot cold summer". When he first introduces the telephone, clearly an annoyance, he says, "the telephone blew its horn". A few lines later, the tension has escalated and now "the telephone is screaming". At this point Hendrix breaks into a guitar solo signaling his escape from the torment and back into his craft, the quintessential Hendrix. The lyrics beg fo r release from the confusion of the earlier verses as he pleads for his

Coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework - Assignment Example Highly technology driven companies, both Nintendo and Sony have invested heavily in e-commerce activities which is quite apparent from their websites. Through their websites, both the companies facilitate their user relating to the placing new orders, acquiring customer’s feedbacks in order to enhance their services and also using it as a plat form for releasing new products and features. The report presents an analysis of both the companies in terms of operational and marketing strategy, what models they have adopted in order to generate revenue, striking marketing tactics and methods as portrayed in the websites of the both the companies. Competitor Analysis The method used in the competitor analysis of the Nintendo (Wii and Nintendo 3DS) and Sony (Playstation) is the Michael Porter’s five forces model. According to the model, there are five forces prevailing in the market which affects the competitive rivalry between the components. The analysis assists the companies in identifying the factors keeping which into consideration the company can devise its marketing and operational strategy. This model gives importance to the financial as well operational aspects of a business and sets criteria according to which the company can assess the activities of its competitors and counter them through effective and efficient management. The five forces according to the Porter’s model are as follows [2] The bargaining power of the customer can be regarded as the influence that the consumer base has on the pricing strategy of the company. Currently the Playstation and Nintendo 3DS are sold at prices $399 and $249 respectively. Since Playstation offers a more advanced and high tech gaming experience thus its prices are steeper as compared to its competitor. The fact that bargaining power of customer can cast significant impact on the profitability of the company can be corroborated from the fact that initially the Playstation was sold considerably belo w its per unit cost, causing a significant decline in the profitability of the company. In order to justify their demand prices, both the companies must communicate with their consumer base and make them aware the latest add-ons the product comes with and assuring them that the prices are justified. This requires innovation and smart marketing tactics. Suppliers of both the companies are the companies providing raw material for the manufacturing of the product. Software houses can also come under this category as they provide important technical expertise in devising interactive user interface. Bargaining power of supplier means that the supplier wants to obtain benefits through increased prices of raw material, reduction in the credit terms etc. This can also affect the financial outlook of the company with increased cost of goods sold and reduced profit margin. Other factors which the model takes into account are the threat of new entrants into the market and threats of the substi tute products. The biggest competitor of Playstation in the console gaming market is the Microsoft’s product ‘X-box 360’ which also offers high tech gaming experience. As per the Nintendo president Satoru Iwata said that the battle with Sony is over — referring to that the Wii has won over the PS3 — and that the new enemy is Apple, with its ever expanding mobile lineup. [3] Both the

Information Systems Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Systems Management - Essay Example In the nineties, Wal-Mart invested in computer technology, in which their employees use bar code readers in all their stores and distribution outlets (Richmond, 2003). These bar code readers make tracking of goods in stores and also stock management efficient, as different products and shelves have different bar codes which provide real time information on the products. Employees in Wal-Mart use hand held computer systems linked with bar code readers, and this makes the stock management of products easier and economical, as it relieves them from massive paperwork for all orders in place. Moreover, these hand held computers enable the packaging department to get accurate information such as packaging, location, quantity and shipping information on orders. Wal-Mart prides itself for providing customers with the lowest prices available, thus, it embarks on eliminating middlemen from their supply chain and sells directly to their customers from their stores. In order to achieve this, Wal -Mart has embarked to developing a satellite communication system which tracks sales and inventory for all their stores (Richmond, 2003). Thus, it can track credit sales on each department in the supply chain as well as control orders made using this system. The satellite system also assists to transmit important communications across the entire supply chain stores and distribution centres (Cisco, n.d.). Furthermore, with the aid of Cisco systems Wal-Mart has developed a comprehensive network system for its supply chain outlets all over the world. In connection to the satellite system, the network provides an overview of the operations in the whole supply chain outlets. This network allows the Wal-Mart keep track of all the orders and stock levels for each system, hence, suppliers can know the products in stock, ones in high demand and consequently they can supply them efficiently. Cisco has also enabled Wal-Mart to collaborate electronically with suppliers all over the world, as co mpared to the early nineties when Wal-Mart provided suppliers with modems which they used to dial up the Wal-Mart system database. In accessing the database, they can access relevant information on stock levels and inventory work required to place any order (Richmond, 2003). Wal-Mart pays for this service, hence making it reliable and cost effective for the suppliers. Suppliers situated in areas where there is slow internet connectivity, dial up connection which is still available to them for accessing Wal-Mart database. The intranet allows Wal-Mart to deliver company news, new information and policies to all of its stores all over the world and its 950,000 associates (Cisco, n.d.). Wal-Mart has a comprehensive directory of all the suppliers and outlet stores all over the continent, and it is a managerial policy that all employees should be able to communicate with any store at any time. Thus, with this directory, Wal-Mart can contact any store and make orders or take supplies from suppliers, hence it increases the efficiency levels of the store as compared to other suppliers. Wal-Mart has a point of sale system from which they monitor and trail sales and products inventory levels on their shelves in the stores. This POS combined with an algorithm system enables Wal-Mart to forecast and predict market trends and demand for their products. The comprehensive net

Human Aanatomy and Physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Aanatomy and Physiology - Essay Example Human males are capable of producing sperm throughout their lives that numbers in the millions. In females however, eggs are produced only in the hundreds. In fact, when females are still in utero, they produce all of the eggs that they will produce in a lifetime. These eggs then enter into Prophase I and stay dormant in this state until such time that the female begins puberty. At this time, eggs may continue undergoing meiosis to completion. This takes place with each egg one by one until menopause, resulting in monthly cycles until then. It is also important to note that not all of a female’s eggs will ever resume meiosis. Some will simply be reabsorbed by her body. In addition, at time of menstruation, the female will release one egg from the ovaries into the uterus to await fertilization. Males on the other hand have millions of sperm that can be released in mass proportion upon each ejaculation. The pathway taken by sperm as they leave the testes and travel through the body is as follows: sperm originate in the seminal vesicles which are located at the bladder’s base. Each seminal vesicle is joined with a vas deferens in order to form an ejaculatory duct. These ducts are fused with the urethra. During the path taken from the vasa deferentia into the urethra, the sperm acquire a thick, alkaline liquid. This liquid id provided by the prostate and is a nutrient rich solution for the health and motility of the traveling sperm. Upon ejaculation, the bulbourethral glands emit a mucous like secretion, followed by expulsion of sperm from the male body. The structure and function of male accessory glands are as follows: male accessory glands are composed of the ductus deferens, the epididymis, the urethra and the ejaculatory duct. This is a network of ducts in which the sperm travels to get from inside the body (the testes) to the outer portion of the body (the penis). The

Violent Media with Parental Involement is Better Than Without It Essay

Violent Media with Parental Involement is Better Than Without It - Essay Example main contention is that violent media helps children master their rage, develop confidence and enables them to handle their personal and family problems effectively. Jones believes that the present day society is too afraid of rage and violence and aims to suppress it in the same manner as the Victorian society once suppressed sexuality. He further argues that violence and sexuality are natural inst in humans and it is wrong to suppress them. Jones also emphasizes that stifling such human emotions will ultimately hamper the development of children’s identifies. I agree with Jones’ contention that violent media can be positively used to help children understand and control their rage, if there is parental or adult involvement, but I oppose his belief that trashy aspects of pop culture have developmental functions, especially since his logic suffers from the fallacies of post hoc, overgeneralization and slippery slope. The claim of Jones that violent media can be used as a tool for children to understand and control their rage, depending on their circumstances, is founded on sound reasoning. Research evidence suggests that children who are products of broken and dysfunctional families, especially boys, tend to develop anti-social and aggressive attitudes and behaviors in the later stages of their lives (Kimm and Kim). Violent media in such situations can be used as a form of therapy, as long as children receive parental or adult supervision as well as guidance from psychologists or counselors. Jones’ statement that â€Å"At its most fundamental level, what we call ‘creative violence’ †¦ gives children a tool to master their rage,† is credible to some extent. If a child watches violence under the supervision of a responsible adult, the latter may be able to explain the reason for the violence, which will offer the child an insight into when violence is justified and when not. Similarly, when a negative result entails from enraged behavior on the screen,

Administrative Distance Essay Example for Free

Administrative Distance Essay In computing there are languages that the commands with each language. This paragraph is going to give commands of Cisco command which change the administrative distance of EBGP routes to the same value as IBGP routes and Cisco IOS commands to change the administrative distance of RIP to four. The commands for Cisco IOS command to EBGP routes are as follows: IOS Cisco vs. Juniper JUNOS: The technical differences IOS usually is a monolithic operating system, which means it runs as a single operation and  all processes share the same memory space. Because of the latter feature, bugs in one setup can have an impact on or corrupt other processes. In addition, if a user wishes to add features or functions to the operating system, IOS has to be disabled while a completely new version with the chosen features is loaded. JUNOS, on the other hand, was built as a modular operating system See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay The kernel based on is the open source FreeBSD operating system, and processes run as modules on top of the kernel are separate out in exclusive, protected, memory space. Users thus can add features and functions to the version of JUNOS running on their systems without disabling the entire operating system a characteristic known as in-service software upgrades that also enhances uptime and availability. The major difference is operational, says Jeff Doyle, president of IP consultancy Jeff Doyle and Associates, who has worked with both.

Selection Of Qualitative Descriptive Method Nursing Essay

Selection Of Qualitative Descriptive Method Nursing Essay Violence and aggression against nurses is a complex occupational hazard facing the nursing profession. Recently, the phenomenon has started receiving a growing national attention. Paradoxically, the job sector with the aim of providing to care for people appears to be at the highest risk of workplace violence. It   is   difficult   to   provide   an   accurate  and adequate definition   of   violence  and  aggression because  the opinion of a person of what  constitutes   violent   behavior   varies   between   cultures   and   social  backgrounds and often   the   limits   between   acceptable   and   unacceptable   behavior   can   be  various.  Ã‚   The  term  aggression is referred generally to the  behavior  that  aims to cause harm to   another  person. On the other hand, with term of violence we call characterize the  attack to  a  person  with  the  intent  to  cause  harm.  Violence  can  be  physical  or  psychological  it  includes:  Ã‚  Threatening  behavior  (expression  of  intention  to  harm,  threatening  body  language,  expression  of  verbal  or  written  threats), Verbal abuse, Humiliation, Destruction of  items, Assault (physical   violence, use of  weapons,  rape,  murder), Robbery. Nurses are among the workers in the workforce that many times during their daily duties can become recipients of a violent behaviour. Too frequently, nurses are exposed to violence primarily from patients, patients families, and visitors. This violence can take the form of intimidation, harassment, stalking, beatings, stabbing, shootings, and other forms of assault. The consequences from such behaviors can be many; first of all there is a risk of injury. On the other hand, the physiological effects for the nurses that faced a violent incident can result to fear, frustration, lack of trust in hospital administration, and decreased job satisfaction decreased desire for their own profession. Especially, if the violent incidences take place in the early carrier stages of nurses can even lead them to leave their profession. Violence not only affects nurses perspectives of the profession, but it also undermines recruitment and retention efforts which is a disadvantage threaten in the pa tients care effort. Problem area There is considerable evidence that workers in the health care sector are at greater risk of violence than workers in any other sector. The National Nursing council of Greece reveled data which indicate showed that half of all non-fatal injuries from occupational assaults and violent acts occurred in health care and social services settings (ENE, 2011). In addition, they reported that in a annually base, almost 10 in 10,000 employees in the health services sector suffer injuries that require time off from work. In a national survey conducted in 2008, the results report that in a generally at least 86 per cent of nursing staff has been the recipient of a violent behaviour during their employment. In the same survey, data demonstrate that less than the half of the physical violence incidents against the nurses were reported to the appropriate authorities (Gerberich et al., 2004). This, it happens mainly because of two reasons: a) The nursing staff has inadequate knowledge information about their rights or they do not trust the national system about the administration of their case regarding the dispensing of justice. b) A big part of the nursing staff has developed the wrong belief that the violent incidents are an expected part of the daily nursing routine that is inevitable. These factors are challenges that should be combated in the nursing profession. The requirements in order to achieve this goal are many; enhance of relevant legislation, administrative support of professionals, improve ment of knowledge of nurses about their rights and the appropriate naming of a legally accepted behaviour. Moreover, the recruitment and retention problem resulting from this violence is especially problematic. According to projections from the Greek Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 20.000 new nurses will replace currently working register nurses by the next ten years in Greece. (Greek Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). This number can be consider as a much more higher if taking into consideration the number of nurses that are going to move in specialties that is less possible to phase a violent behaviour from patient of their familys members, for instance working in research area. In addition, recent research data indicate that more than the twenty per cent of registered nurses positions are vacant (ENE, 2001). Furthermore, this reduced number of the health care staff poses a risk regarding the receiving of good quality patient care across the Greek National Health care system, which reasonable is going to be decreased (ENE, 2004). The last years, there have been many efforts to characterize the dimensions size of the phenomenon of violence against nurses; some of them containing educational seminars of the violence in the workforce or the cultural understanding of health care providers about the violence during the performance of their occupational duties. However, only few of such activities have been tested in a adequate level in order to describe set their effectiveness or implemented on a wide scale basis. Sources of Data and Research One of the basic challenges in documenting violence that nurses have faced during their occupation is the absence of systematically organized and collected data in the past. Problems with the availability of data include few data sources to determine the magnitude of the problem and variations in definitions, data sources, and methods used in research. Research Question What are the nursing staff responses when caring for patients who express violent behaviors within the national health care units in Sparta, Greece? Aims and objectives Purpose and specific research issues The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a aggressive behaviour from patients to the nursing staff. There will be an effort to meet the following objectives: 1. To report the experiences and responses of nursing staff when caring for patients with who exhibit aggressive behaviors. 2. To identify effective ways in improving the quality of nursing practice in this area. Research Methodology Here we focus on the research design and method for the research proposal. The selection of the appropriate research method is essential in order to achieve the aims and objectives of a study. Research design, simply can be referred as a map that explains all the conditions and the data under which the study was performed. The basic designs used in most of the research studies in order to collect the data and extract the research questions are methods based on qualitative or quantitative analysis. The goal of quantitative research is to generate research data that can be analyzed using numerical or statistical techniques. It actually focuses on the size, prevalence, frequency and quantifiable aspects of the analyzed problem (Polit Beck 2010). However, many researchers believe that the quantitative approach is limited because it does not address the meaning of life experience in depth that qualitative research can. On the other hand qualitative approaches are mainly suitable for coll ection of information with more a subjective approach regarding the examining phenomenon (Burns Grove 2008). Barbour (2009) suggests that the qualitative method is more adequate in order for studies that are more interested for the effect of a problem on the individuals associated with it. In this project, because of the type of the aims and objectives of the proposed research we have adopted a qualitative approach for analyzing explaining our final data. By choosing a qualitative method for the data analysis, we will be able to provide a detailed in depth explanation of the experiences and responses (Burns Groves 2011) of nursing staff who work with patients who express violent behaviour. Selection of qualitative descriptive method The number of approaches exist within qualitative research are various; some of them focusing on cultural national or sociological effects (Burns Grove 2011). All these approaches can provide us with valuable results, however in our case another qualitative research approach is selected; this method is called qualitative descriptive approach. The goal of qualitative description is not detailed explanation of the problem in order to conclude in the formation of a sociological explanation of a phenomenon. Here we aim for a straight description phenomenon is desired. This means we are not going to move away from the original data (Sandelowski 2000). This data analysis approach can provide as with the advantage of a direct explanation initially and then understanding of the nursing staff responses behaviour. Sample / Population The term of population can be referred as the total number of elements in which data can be extracted from. A sample is a subset of a population selected to partake in a study (Polit Beck 2010) which will be a source of information (Clifford Clark 2004). Identification and determination of the population who is more appropriate for our data collection from is the initial step of our research. The sampling source should be appropriate to provide us with adequate related to our research data. The Qualitative descriptive method is based on the analysis of a large volume of information. For this reason our sample population source is going to be a limited small number of nursing staff. In this project, we are going to use a sample of 50 participants. We are aware of the limitations of small sampling sizes, however qualitative research is more concerned with the phenomenon of interest and not the applicability of the findings in other contexts. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants in the groups will be as follows: Inclusion Criteria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nursing staff that have face a violent incident in the past from a patient or from a member of his/her family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More than one year work experience within the nursing field. Exclusion criteria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Agency staff working in the health care units at the time of the study. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Staff with less than one year of work experience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clinical nurse managers (as many times are responsible, directly or indirectly, for the violent behaviour). Data collection The data collection method should best suit the aims and objectives of the research. In our case the answers to our main research questions cannot be closed type answers. For this reason, we are going to work in a dialogue basis with the participants of the study. This, will provide us the required answers, open type answers about the experience and thoughts of nurses faced a violent incident in the past during the performance of their professional duties (Burns Grove 2011). Pilot study Procedure When the methodology has been developed, it is advisable to test it out before applying it to the actual sample. This procedure of testing it out is done by a means of a pilot study (Welman et al. 2005). According to Burns Grove (2011) a pilot study is simply a smaller version of the actual study done in preparation of a proposed study. Conducting a pilot study will authenticate the feasibility of conducting a larger scale study. This will help the research team to spot any problems with the research methodology and to refine and develop data collection instruments. For the proposed research a pilot study must be tested upon a smaller sample with a similar design as the actual study (10% of the final). A smaller focus group with only five nursing staff will be conducted by the researcher for the pilot study. The participants of the pilot study will not be permitted to participate in the main study. Depending on the outcomes of the pilot there maybe areas in the research methodology that the researcher may need to be modify. Data analysis According to Polit Beck (2010) data analysis is the systematic organisation and synthesis of research data. The analysis of data will take place in parallel with a data collection. The researcher intends to utilise qualitative content analysis. This is the ideal method for the analysis of qualitative description (Sandelowski 2000). Hsieh Shannon (2005) define qualitative content analysis as a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of text data through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns. Inductive and deductive are the two methods of qualitative content analysis. The researcher will use the inductive approach because analysis is derived mostly from raw data. This approach will allow the researcher to immerse themselves in the data to allow new insight to emerge. Ethical Considerations Ethical issues are a central part of the research process (Burns Grove 2011). The principles underlying research are universal and concern issues such as honesty and respect for the rights of individuals in the study (Welman et al. 2005). In Ireland accountability when carrying out nursing research is specified by National Nursing Council (ENE) code of professional conduct for each nurse and midwife which states: In taking part in research, the principles of confidentiality and the provision of appropriate information to enable an informed judgment to be made by the patient must be safeguarded. The nurse has an obligation to ascertain that the research is sanctioned by the appropriate body and to ensure that the rights of the patient are protected at all times. The nurse should be aware of ethical policies and procedures in his/her area of practice. The right to self determination This ethical principal is based on respect for a persons autonomy (Burns Grove 2011). Participants in the research will be allowed to make a free and informed choice without coercion (Holloway Wheeler 2002). Potential participants will have the right to ask any questions concerning the study, refuse to give information and withdraw from the study at any stage. The right to Anonymity and confidentiality According to Barbour (2008) the need to preserve confidentiality and anonymity is an enshrined principle when undertaking qualitative research. Anonymity refers to the safest way of shielding confidentiality (Polit Beck 2010). Details such as names of the participants, location and residential care home names will be kept anonymous throughout the study and within the findings. Also we will ensure that identifying information is safely locked away. Passwords will be put in place to ensure that information in the form of computer software/data the data is not accessed by anyone else other than the members of the research team. Setting up these procedures will prevent any accidental breech of confidentiality (Polit Beck 2010). Proposed outcome of the study A report that will outline the research design together with the procedures applied for data collection and analysis will be written up at the end of the research process. A clear explanation of the findings and results will also be written up by the researcher. The researcher anticipates that the findings of the study will provide insight into the responses together with experiences of nursing staff when caring for patients with dementia who exhibit aggressive behaviours in Spartas health care units. This will also give the nursing staff an opportunity to reflect on their care for people with dementia who exhibit these challenging behaviours. If the findings of the proposed study are consistent with findings in the literature reviewed, then the following recommendations will be made: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased education and training on aggression mainly focused for nurses in residential care homes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More research into the nursing staff role in residential care homes to establish best practice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The introduction of local and national Policies and procedures regarding reporting and recording incidences of aggression exhibited by people with dementia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Set up of support systems for staff who experience aggression in this environment at a local and national level Limitations This is the first research study that will be carried out by researcher and this lack of experience may add on to the limitations of the study. Risks / benefits

The Peoples Republic of Power Essay -- Literary Analysis

The essay under critical analysis is entitled, â€Å"Philadelphia’s Radical Caucus That Propelled Pennsylvania to Independence and Democracy,† written by Gary B. Nash. This analytical essay consumes the fourth chapter of the book Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation, edited by Alfred F. Young, Gary B. Nash, and Ray Raphael. His essay, along with the twenty-one other accounts in the book depicting lesser-known individuals, whose contributions in securing independence from Great Britain and creating a new government in America rival that of the nation’s more notorious and beloved founders, such as Thomas Jefferson or James Madison. Dr. Nash focuses his efforts on Philadelphia’s Radical Caucus of the 1770’s and 80’s and the lasting influences of the 1776 constitution it created within American politics as well as several nations around the world. Within his analysis and interpretation of Pennsy lvanian politics during the American Revolution, Dr. Nash utilizes a pro-whiggish, radically sympathetic stance to assert the Radical Caucus’ remarkable ability to gain support from and bestow power upon the common working man, take political power from conservatives within Pennsylvania’s public offices, and revolutionize democratic thought through their landmark reformations of the state’s constitution. Respecting the fact that Dr. Nash’s position on this subject required extensive research through first hand accounts, pamphlets, newspapers and the analysis of countless preserved records, indicates that the account he has given is very credible. Complying with his presentation of facts and the significance of the topic within early American history has prevented a well-rounded counter-argument ... ...ailable. Charles A. Beard argues this point in his book An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States, stating that â€Å"The Constitution was essentially an economic document based upon the concept that the fundamental private rights of property are anterior to government and morally beyond the reach of popular majorities.† Works Cited Beard, Charles A. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. New York: Dover, 2004(1913). Print. Lynd, Staughton, and David Waldstreicher. "â€Å"Free Trade, Sovereignty, and Slavery: Toward an Economic Interpretation of American Independence." William and Mary Quarterly (October 2011): 597-656. Print. Young, Alfred Fabian, Gary B. Nash, and Ray Raphael. Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. Print.

A Modern Heroine :: essays papers

A Modern Heroine In today’s society, women have overcome many hardships to become able to vote, able to run for public office, and even able to hold high business positions. Some people believe that such accomplishments are because of literary examples that have, over the years, lead women to believe in themselves, motivate them-selves, and stand up for themselves. In Aeschylus’ infamous Greek tragedy, The Oresteia, Clytaemestra, the leading woman, overcomes the Greek society’s slighting attitude towards women, grasping the most powerful position attain-able in Argos. Even after gaining power, Clytaemestra clutches this leadership desperately, unrelenting in her hopes to keep it forever. Although Clytaemestra uses intellect, inner strength, and self-motivation to capture power, she does it evasively and by hurting others. Therefore, Clytaemestra is not a respectable woman role model. In Agamemnon, the first book of The Oresteia, Agamemnon, Clytaemestra’s husband and the King of Argos, returns from ten years of fighting the Trojan War to find treachery reigns in Argos. Clytaemestra greets Agamemnon with a facade of exuberant tidings, claiming â€Å"a love [she] has for her husband†, while secretly she plans his murder (Oresteia 1.857). As the queen, she has a beautiful and expensive crimson carpet brought out to welcome her soon dead husband. Rolling out the carpet, she asks Agamemnon â€Å"step from your chariot [and] let not your foot/...touch the earth† (Oresteia 1.906-907). The wise warrior, knowing it would be wrong for a mere mortal to walk on such a Murray 2 priceless tapestry, argues with his vengeful wife, but is eventually convinced to walk â€Å"where Justice leads him† (Oresteia 1.911). As he walks on the carpet, ruining it, he asks that â€Å"no gods’ hatred strike [him] from afar† for acting higher than mort als should (Oresteia 1.947). His hope is in vain, because shortly after entering the house, Clytaemestra catches of the war hero at his weakest moment—in the bath. Taking advantage of a heroic figure, who is loved by all, is both cowardly and unfair, but Clytaemestra only worries with her pursuit of power. Soon after the murder, Clytaemestra appears again, proudly showing the slain King of Argos. All of these actions grant Clytaemestra the power she yearns, but are done in a very unrespectful and deceitful way. In the next book of The Oresteia, The Libation Bearers, Clytaemestra again tries to hold her power and, this time, to escape death. A Modern Heroine :: essays papers A Modern Heroine In today’s society, women have overcome many hardships to become able to vote, able to run for public office, and even able to hold high business positions. Some people believe that such accomplishments are because of literary examples that have, over the years, lead women to believe in themselves, motivate them-selves, and stand up for themselves. In Aeschylus’ infamous Greek tragedy, The Oresteia, Clytaemestra, the leading woman, overcomes the Greek society’s slighting attitude towards women, grasping the most powerful position attain-able in Argos. Even after gaining power, Clytaemestra clutches this leadership desperately, unrelenting in her hopes to keep it forever. Although Clytaemestra uses intellect, inner strength, and self-motivation to capture power, she does it evasively and by hurting others. Therefore, Clytaemestra is not a respectable woman role model. In Agamemnon, the first book of The Oresteia, Agamemnon, Clytaemestra’s husband and the King of Argos, returns from ten years of fighting the Trojan War to find treachery reigns in Argos. Clytaemestra greets Agamemnon with a facade of exuberant tidings, claiming â€Å"a love [she] has for her husband†, while secretly she plans his murder (Oresteia 1.857). As the queen, she has a beautiful and expensive crimson carpet brought out to welcome her soon dead husband. Rolling out the carpet, she asks Agamemnon â€Å"step from your chariot [and] let not your foot/...touch the earth† (Oresteia 1.906-907). The wise warrior, knowing it would be wrong for a mere mortal to walk on such a Murray 2 priceless tapestry, argues with his vengeful wife, but is eventually convinced to walk â€Å"where Justice leads him† (Oresteia 1.911). As he walks on the carpet, ruining it, he asks that â€Å"no gods’ hatred strike [him] from afar† for acting higher than mort als should (Oresteia 1.947). His hope is in vain, because shortly after entering the house, Clytaemestra catches of the war hero at his weakest moment—in the bath. Taking advantage of a heroic figure, who is loved by all, is both cowardly and unfair, but Clytaemestra only worries with her pursuit of power. Soon after the murder, Clytaemestra appears again, proudly showing the slain King of Argos. All of these actions grant Clytaemestra the power she yearns, but are done in a very unrespectful and deceitful way. In the next book of The Oresteia, The Libation Bearers, Clytaemestra again tries to hold her power and, this time, to escape death.

The Use of Appetite Suppressants Essays -- Health Diet Weight Loss Ess

The Use of Appetite Suppressants In the past two decades, Americans and most of the Western world have become obsessed with losing weight. Countless diets, weight loss strategies and gimmicks have been and remain on the market and cost Americans billions of dollars every year. The media perpetuates this ideal of thinness and so people continue in desperate attempts to shrink their bodies. People have gone to extreme measures such as stomach stapling, liposuction and starvation diets to try and take off excess weight. Many Americans are willing to do whatever is necessary to look a certain way, no matter what the cost. Sometimes these costs outweigh the benefits of losing weight. Oftentimes, when people diet and lose weight, they end up going off the diet and gaining the weight back. This leads to a perpetual cycle of yo -yo dieting. Nevertheless, the quest for losing weight remains a priority in many people’s lives. One of the options that many people have taken in attempt to lose weight is the ingestion of various appetite suppressants. The logic behind this is that if one takes an appetite suppressant, they wont feel hungry. Without hunger, the person will ingest less food and by ingesting less food, the person will lose weight. The concept is actually quite simple and has been around for many years. Hunger is â€Å"the physiological need of an animal for food (Lasagna, p.132).† Appetite, on the other hand, is â€Å"the psychological motivation for food intake- which is independent of the individual’s nutritional state (Lasagna, p.132).† An appetite suppressant attempts to lessen a person’s psychological motivation for food, even though there might be a need for food intake for nutritional reasons. Phenylpropanolamine, ... ...rs. New York, N.Y. Morgan, J.P. (1986). Phenylpropanolamine: A critical Analysis of Reported Adverse Reactions and Overdosage. Jack. K. Burgess, Inc. Fort Lee, N.J. Fillmore, C. M. et al. (1999). Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 10, (3), 673-703. Silverstone, T. (1986). Clinical Use of Appetite Suppressants, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 17, (2-3), 151-167. Wellman, P.J. (1990). A Review of the physiological bases of the anorexic action of phenylpropanolamine, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 14 (3), 339-355. Greenway, F.L. (1992). Clinical Studies with phenylpropanolamine: a metaanalysis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55, 203-205. Alger, S. et al. (1993). Effect of Phenylpropanolamine on energy expenditure and weight loss in overweight women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57, 120-126.

Interventions for Maternal and Child Health in Nepal Essay

Macro- and micro-nutrient malnutrition is a major public health problem and a key factor in determining morbidity and mortality. Its underlying determinants include poverty, education, sanitation, climate, food production, cultural norms, and accessibility and quality of health care. Pregnant women and young children are particularly at risk owing to the extra nutritional demands of rapid growth. Malnutrition is the direct cause of approximately 300,000 deaths per year (Muller & Krawinkel, 2005), and a contributing factor in over a third— 3.5 million—of all child deaths annually (Horton, 2008). These deaths are largely preventable. For infants, there is a â€Å"golden interval† for intervention from pregnancy to 2 years, during which improvements in nutritional status can have long-lasting benefits (Horton, 2008). Strong associations exist between maternal and child undernutrition and reduced adult economic productivity and other negative outcomes (Victoria et al., 2008). While Nepal has recently demonstrated progress toward improving general maternal and child health (MCH), there are still opportunities to further improve nutritional status of mothers and children. This paper examines and makes recommendations about interventions that have the potential to improve maternal and child nutritional status in Nepal. The interventions discussed in this paper address the underlying causes of nutrition-related maternal and child mortality and morbidity, as outlined by the UNICEF Conceptual framework for maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity (UNICEF, 2008), and are organized based on the period of intervention, including antenatal care, delivery care, and post-partum and early childhood care. Antenatal care: Within the antenatal period of development, maternal supplementation has been one of the most studied interventions. Evidence is strongest in support of maternal supplementation of multiple micronutrients, calcium, and iron-folic acid. Given the staggering rates of micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant Nepali women and the low cost of supplementation, maternal supplementation of multiple micronutrients, calcium and iron-folic acid is highly recommended. These micronutrients have a range of benefits, including reduction of maternal anemia, maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia, hypertension, puerperal infection, and low birthweight (LBW). This paper also examines the evidence around maternal smoking cessation interventions because of the extraordinary potential for impact of such programs in a population where smoking rates among women are high and knowledge about negative outcomes associated with smoking is low and because maternal smoking cessation appears to have not been a focus of government and other programs in Nepal. However, there is a lack Executive Summary i of solid evidence to suggest that a particular intervention to reduce maternal smoking could be both effective and efficient in developing countries. Delivery care: This paper also examines interventions during delivery that can have an impact on nutritional status. Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) play a crucial role in decreasing nenonatal and maternal mortality during delivery. They also dispense advice regarding antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care, including nutrition and diet, breastfeeding, and immunizations. One important aspect of training for TBAs, as well as other health professionals, is the promotion of delayed umbilical cord clamping. Due to the high rates of anemia and iron deficiency in children, delayed cord clamping is a critical intervention because it is a cost-effective way to improve hematologic status, increase blood volume, and decrease anemia in infancy. Post-partum and early childhood care: Finally, nutritional interventions in the post-partum and early childhood period can reduce childhood morbidity and mortality and ensure that children are developing in a healthy way. This section of the paper focuses on the promotion of breastfeeding, infant and child vitamin A supplementation and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP). There exists decades of research showing that breastfeeding is a highly effective strategy to reduce all-cause mortality, diarrheal morbidity and mortality, and the risk of gastrointestinal infections and respiratory infections. There is a wealth of empirical data supporting the promotion of breastfeeding in developed and developing countries alike. Vitamin A supplementation for infants and young children has already been successful in Nepal, and it should remain a priority there. Vitamin A supplementation is associated with reductions in night-blindness, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia, and severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, and when given before certain immunizations, it can enhance the immune response to the immunizations, making them more effective. Also, the use of GMP, measuring and charting the growth of children and using this information to counsel parents to motivate behaviors that promote growth, provides a cost-effective opportunity to identify growth issues before severe malnutrition manifests. For summary information on recommended interventions, refer to the one-page briefs after this Executive Summary. The interventions examined in this paper collectively have an enormous potential for impact in Nepal. At the same time, it is important to consider some of the challenges and feasibility concerns that these interventions may face. These may Executive Summary include: access to and utilization of antenatal care and other health services; the status of the health system infrastructure; financial resource availability, and cultural considerations. Also, while these recommended interventions can be successful in addressing the underlying causes of malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality, long-term solutions for improving maternal and child nutritional status must address the basic causes, such as political, economic and social conditions. While challenges and other considerations exist, the interventions recommended have the potential to make a real and lasting impact in Nepal by reducing the burden of nutrition-related morbidity and mortality. These interventions are cost-effective tools that should be central to any plan to create a bright and healthy future generation in Nepal.

Girl Power

As a 44 year old father of a 16 month girl, I did not know how society planned on giving my daughter a sense of femininity. I mentally prepared myself to be a Daddy and give my daughter Isabel all the support and teachings I thought I was capable of. I knew that it was going to be a daunting task a single father to a daughter to give her a sense of girl power. I was surprised to find out the toy and media industries were not onboard with giving my daughter a sense of what it was to be a strong, powerful, and anything is possible little girl in today’s society.I’ve noticed that the toy industry and media tend to develop and promote their products toward boys. I realized that the two industries felt that girls would learn on their own what it was to be feminine and that the toys, television shows, and movies that are predominately marketed for boys wouldn’t affect that process. Poet, critic, and columnist Katha Pollitt who is best known for her â€Å"Subject to De bate† column in The Nation magazine describes her own experiences as a mother of a 3-year-old daughter and asking the questions of why the media is selling the stories they are to girls and boys.In the essay â€Å"The Smurfette Principle,† she asks the tough questions of why the she finds the high ration of male to female characters in most children’s books, television shows, and movies. Pollitt points out that, â€Å"many male characters are most often cast as active and outgoing and that female characters are most often stereotyped as quiet, hair bow-wearing sidekicks, helpers, or little sisters to the boys—even when the characters are friendly, fuzzy monsters† (544). It should be the parents, producers, writers and toy manufacturer’s pure responsibility to empower young girls.Pollitt states that, â€Å"Contemporary shows are either essentially all-male, like Garfield, or are organized on what I call the Smurfette principle: a group of mal e buddies will be accented by a lone female, stereotypically defined†. Many parents don’t ever think about the characters in a movie or television show and they those characters may impact are children. Growing up watching such children’s shows such as the Little Rascals confirms what Pollitt in expressing in the â€Å"Smurfette Principle†. It was a bunch of boys having fun and Darla was always tagging along.Darla was portrayed as a tough little girl you didn’t want to mess with. The show always had her in a dress, but if you messed with her she would give you a black eye. There was no semblance of any femininity what so ever about Darla. Producers and parents may not understand how much of an impact this character and many like it have an impact on our children. My daughter Isabel understands way more than I initially gave her credit for and she picks up on things like a sponge. Shows like the Little Rascals are giving her a false perception of wha t it is like to be a girl in today’s society.Cartoons play such a major role in the development of our children these days. Television, movies and toys play such a huge role in teaching are children to read, count, socialize and understand there place in society based on their gender. Much of what we see and read to our children teaches them that boys are more important than girls. Pollitt states, â€Å"The female is usually a little-sister type, a bunny in a pink dress and hair-ribbons who tags along with the adventurous bears and badgers† (345).This is due to the fact that most producers, writers and animators are of the male persuasion. â€Å"Boys define the group, its story, and its code of values† (345). Pollitt understands how these people are influencing the way our little girls are perceiving the world and themselves based on what they are watching. â€Å"Girls exist only in relation to boys† (345). The toy industry is one of the biggest offenders when it comes to portraying what a girl should want in a toy and how it fits her gender.One of the biggest offenders when it comes to commercialism of their licensed products is Sesame Street. For all the good they do promoting learning and gender equality they lack the determination to produce toys that little girls would identify with. The Muppets which are the important ones of Sesame Street are the personalities that kids identify with. All these characters which are turned into toys and pushed through commercials and ads are all male. Pollitt knew one little girl that was so upset when she found out that even Big Bird was a boy she stopped watching the show all together.The toy industry is not teaching are young girls that it is okay to like toy cars, tractors, blocks, Transformers and many more cross gender toys. The industry is changing, companies such as Disney, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, and Warner Brothers are making cartoons that have very strong female characters. An imaniacs, The Last Airbender, Scooby Doo, Kim Impossible, and Gargoyles all have strong female characters that show our young girls that they can play a major role, do anything, and be just as important as any male in society.I my daughter is finding herself even at this young age and I know she and I don’t have much time to reinforce her idea of gender equality. Pollitt ends her essay with, â€Å"it sure would help if the bunnies took off their hair ribbons, and if half of the monsters were fuzzy, blue – and female† (547). I know I have my work cut out for me just like Pollitt does, but it is a job a truly am thankful to have. Isabel will know where she stands in the world and that she is just as important as any little boy.

Business Analysis on Sony Corporation

Business Analysis on Sony Corporation for the years between 2001 and 2011 Overview Looking back on the past decade of Sony Corporation, opportunities walked along with challenges. The â€Å"combination of giants† between Sony and Ericsson caught attention of the whole world. The invention of mini vertical mobile phone promptly captured the youth market. When Sony Ericsson was at its best, its sales figures were ranking Top Three in European and American markets. However, since 2008, Sony Ericsson almost has opted out of the top list in mobile phone industry.The revolution of iPhone and Android ruined Sony Ericsson’s confidence thoroughly. In addition, the political conflicts and historical factors, such as Diaoyu Island incident, to some extent, have affected the sales in recent years further. Our business analysis emphasizes on the development of Sony Corporation during the period from 2001 to 2011, especially the overseas market expansion in mobile phone industry. We will introduce the development process of Sony and the challenges they faced or will face from three perspectives: business, political and socio-cultural factors.Besides, we, as well as Sony Corporation, concentrate most is how to turn these challenges to the opportunities. Firstly, let us illustrate the organizational structure of Sony Ericsson, especially Sony Ericsson China. The market share of Ericsson has ever ranking no. 3 in global mobile phone market in late 90s of 20 century. Their promoting strategy in Chinese regions made an excellent success because of selecting LIU Dehua and JIN Chengwu as spokesmen. However, Ericsson suffered a huge loss resulting from a mistake in generating strategy in 2000.Meanwhile, Sony mobile phone could scarcely capture the market share, for they were too late to get access to the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) market. It was in this context that Sony and Ericsson reached a consensus that each of their mobile phone departments sub scribed 50 percent shares to establish a joint venture corporation, that is, Sony Ericsson. They two operated the company together that Ericsson was responsible for technology and quality control while Sony was in charge of the outlook design and sales.The organizational structure is as following. Since 2008, the tablet revolution led by Apple and Android has inflicted a severe impact on Sony Ericsson. In 2011, Sony broke up with Ericsson and purchased the remaining 50 percent shares owned by Ericsson before. Sony kept the mobile phone production department, but their market share cannot be compared to the past. Secondly, the development of Sony mobile phones went through a tough procedure. Let’s briefly review the milestones and look forward to the future.Sony Ericsson sustained high losses in the first two years, until T618 was launched in 2003. T618 was an influential mobile phone type which directly turned SE into profits. And then, to make full use of Sony’s techn ology in Walkman, SE launched W800 in 2005, bringing the concept of music phone to the public. After that, K790 was the first professional camera phone with flashlight, which beyond any other brands at that time. The net income in Sony reached a peak in 2008 with 369,435 yen in millions, while it decreased abruptly in 2009 resulting from the rapid rise of Apple and Android.The cooperation with Android cannot revived SE as the development of X10i and Xperia arc Lt15i could not make ends meet. The continuing losses upset Ericsson and accelerated the termination of the contract between Sony and Ericsson. Therefore, we recommend that Sony should change their marketing strategies to â€Å"low cost, low price† strategy in order to capture the markets in developing countries. In addition, the conclusion of financial annual reports in the past decade is one of the core factors to evaluate the development of Sony. SONY ‘s Net Income(Loss) 2001-2011YearNet Income (Loss) 200116,75 4 200215,310 2003115,519 200488,511 2005163,838 2006123,616 2007126,328 2008369,435 2009-98,938 2010-40,802 2011-259,585 According to the financial figures, it is not hard to track the operation status in Sony for the ten years. 2003, 2008 and 2009 are remarkable turning points and we will demonstrate the business, political and socio-cultural causes in detain as follows. Analysis on Business Aspect In 2000, the subsidiary of famous telecoms giant, the world's third-largest mobile phone company Ericsson, suffered a continuous loss.Ericsson used it as a trigger to start the joint venture company with Japan electronics giant Sony with equal-shared stake in global mobile phone business. Sony Ericsson was established in 2001 as a prestigious international brand for youth. Its global headquarter was located in London which was incompatible with the common thought that Sony Ericsson belongs to Japan . Its international employees were up to 7500 including the research and development talen ts from Europe ,Japan ,China and America.It was a hidden danger for two parties’ division that a considerable number of the technology was mainly transplanted from Sony Company. The new co-operation company combined the Sony’s capability of planning and designing video product, marketing electronic product and promoting brand with the Ericsson’s specialization in mobile telecommunication technology, operators relationship maintaining and network facilities construction. At the beginning two years, Sony Ericsson took debts of 16. 2 billion Swedish grams from Ericsson causing 5 percentage market shares shrunk which made large shareholders have to reinvest 300 million.By virtue of the support of parent companies, Sony Ericsson was booming later and embodying its own style in processing image and wireless telecommunication. In the September of 2003, it first gained profit with introducing an influential upright mobile phone using a few-but-delicate strategy to compe te with corresponds’ mass products. In the next year, the developing trend for Sony Ericsson was irresistible that it opened Valentine’s party cooperated with many outstanding brands to launch its new phones .Its classic and innovate products started to be appealing to various consumption levels in different areas. Starting from the second season of 2005, Sony Ericsson used existed brand Walkman in Sony to create the first bi-brand phone which took over electronic entertainment career of Sony. It made a good performance for increasing both market share and profit . Furthermore, it transplanted Sony Walking and Cyber-shot brand successfully getting a reputation. However, photographing and music functions were commonly imitated by other brands causing Sony Ericsson lose its edge in advanced technology.Some demerits of its products also appeared such as inconvenience of phone download, insufficiency of capability and incommodity of background use. Main reasons for the dec lined performance were that products did not keep up with the rhythm of market and not pay attention to the Smart mobile phone market. Its delicate high-price strategy was in a dilemma for consumers were unwilling to pay a large bill of non-smart cell phone . Meanwhile its internal management was in chaos and the contest for leadership among the executives led to the change of personnel in 2007.Coincidently, an economic crisis happened and changed the consumer’s demand of phone. Sony Ericsson found itself left behind on account of insufficient supply of low-end phone, lack of brand-new products for high-end and shortage of amazing spot in the field of smart phone. Its ever strongest music and photography phones for the mid-market were surpassed by competitors. And it also did not recognize the great demand in Chinese market that it was doomed a tough year for Sony Ericsson . In 2008, Sony intended to purchase the equity of Ericsson which was set aside.Considering the unsatisf ied performance in new products launch and market share for last three years, Sony Ericsson former executive in Silicon Valley Nordberg became the CEO . He abandoned futureless Symbian system and low-end market focusing on the Google’s Android system to reform the company strategy. The decision turned out to be wise that Sony Ericsson launched several excellent Android phone and turned losses into gains gradually. The hesitation between multiple platform system let Sony Ericsson miss a lot of golden chances to boom.It seemed to be an irresistible trend for Sony Ericsson’s ending which will provide space for Sony to shine itself. At the end of October in 2011, Sony officially announced that it offered 1. 05 billion euros to take over the other 50 percent stake Ericsson held. Now Sony Ericsson is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony and will no longer exist but with a Sony logo. Sony mobile takes advantage of Android platform to develop rapidly and its market share grows gr adually with Xperia series launching. In addition, Sony closed its functional phone production and was dedicated to operate Android smart phone.It can also integrate its huge resources under its name Analysis on Political Aspect Political factor is playing a crucial role in the process of oversea market expansion, for it decides what entrance mode that a company will choose. This section will critically discuss about the political aspect in the way of Sony Company’s internationalization and conduct an analysis on both Sony in China and Europe as a particular example. Political Environment and Company Strengths From 1945 after the World War? international political situation turned to be stable and peace in general, which create a valuable moment for Japan and other countries to develop economy in postwar time. USD-centered International Monetary System provided a comparatively stable condition for international trade. And in 1946, Sony was started from scratch. Inside the cou ntry, on the one hand, with western democratic political system and legal institute built in Japan successfully, Japanese government gradually relaxed the restriction on import and export trading since 1960 in order to push economy grows.On the other hand, economy development brought with living-level to rise. The demand for household appliance rose as well. These are basic national conditions to Sony for its oversea business activities. For Sony itself, firstly it has a clear and specific goal and plan on inland and oversea marketing. Secondly, it insists on high quality product with high price strategy, which establishes the reputation for the brand. Thirdly, enterprise culture attracts customers to build up a brand loyalty to Sony. Political Challenges of Sony’s InternationalizeAs the company did an excellent sales performance in Japan, it decided to stretch its branches into oversea area. In January, 1959, Sony became the new brand name instead of the original company nam e to meet the international trend. Opportunities and threats are both exist on the way of oversea expansion. Here is an analysis on Sony Company’s expansion worldwide and the main challenge of its entrance mode select in different countries and areas, under the effects by the political factors. In November, 1986, Sony set up its first European headquarters Sony Euro in Germany.Before that, it settled the branches respectively in US(1968), Germany(1970) and France(1973) to enlarge the sales revenue and promote its concept of localization around the world. A remarkable example that Sony Company joint venture with Ericsson Company to create a new brand of Sony Ericsson, which both of them holding 50% of the share. And in February, 2012 Sony took over it as sub company via acquisition. For Asian companies, European monetary system provide them a ideal trading base, for they can easily enlarge the sales target in Euro zone.Meanwhile, the main challenges they faced with in European market are serious as well. Exchange rate risk in monetary policy and stability of financial system is uncertainty. Crisis of finance would make a great loss once spread rapidly. Bank industry can be depressing while economy recession, then debts and mortgage challenging the foreign companies. During the last economy crisis, Sony Company reduced the staffrimmer at a number of 10,600 around. Sony first established its branch office in Beijing, China in the year of 1996.Since the company already had a far-spread reputation, brand effect was its strength to open the market of China. And Sony had accumulated fairly enough capital by the end of 20th century after decades of development and expansion. At that time, Chinese government executed positive policy on introducing foreign capital, such as tax preference and concessional debts, which greatly supported Sony to set the branch office in the format of foreign-owned enterprise with confidence. However, there is always an unpredictable and essential factor that may influence its sales in mainland.Challenges came and went following the complex relationship between China and Japanese. Recently, it is reported that sales volume of Sony products in China has an obvious drop-down after the Diaoyu Island Event. Advertising activity was limited in some local TV station, and the public called for boycott of Japanese products. All these made the sales volume of Sony decreasing. In view of this condition, Sony Company continue focusing on product quality and carry out necessary promotion campaign.According to top manager, they insist of positive attitude towards further development in China. Analysis on Socio-Cultural Aspect Socio-culture is one of the crucial factors which will largely affect development of a company. In this part, we will discuss the social-culture problems in Sony. Sony Enterprise Culture As is known to all, Sony Corporation ( ) , commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate co rporation headquartered in Konan Minato, which established in 1946, Tokyo, Japan.As a Japanese enterprise, it has a wealth of enterprise culture. The first one is that Sony’s founder not only knew the importance of science and technology, but also determined the declaration when the company was founded, â€Å"the company’s aim is to rapidly progress the war a variety of techniques are applied to the national life to†, â€Å"in a timely manner to all universities and research results into products and commodities†. In addition, they also vigorously introduce foreign advanced technology.The second one is that, in order to give full play to the enthusiasm and pioneering spirit, Sony launched a unique personnel system, which allows and encourages people â€Å"volunteered† to apply for various research and development projects according to their interests, hobbies and expertise. Sony believes that those who are not complacent, do not stick to convention s, jump around in the various research groups are most likely to develop a new tech or product. The third one is that, innovation is an important part of Sony’s corporate culture, as well as the key to success.The company founder once said:† Sony’s success is due to the innovation in science, technology, management, marketing and other aspects. † Now Sony develops about 1,000 new products, an average of every working day 4 species. The last one is that, Sony keeps the faith† love and respect each other†. All the employees ranging from director to humble workers are equal. During working time, they all wear the same jackets, just like a harmonious family. Sony’s Executives do not have their own office. They work with others together.So everyone can get on well with each other in a very short time. I think this kind of enterprise culture largely determines the success of Sony. The employee will feel relax in such culture environment instead of feeling nervous. So they can work more efficiently and have more room to innovate. But there are also some discordant parts. As Sony is a Japanese company, they usually start their work early while the Europeans do not like to work before 10. 00 a. m. This will cause â€Å"culture shock† when the Sony approaching to the world market.Adapt to European market In order to foray into the European market, Sony created a joint venture named Sony Ericsson. They use global localization strategy to adapt to the whole world, especially to European market. They established their factory in America, Europe, southeast Asia and so on to realized the localization production. The localization production realized localization management. Sony employed the local talents with high management skills. I think the global localization strategy has its two sides. There are several advantages.The one is, due to this strategy, they will hire the local people. Generally, the local people know more detail. So they can help the enterprise adapt itself to local culture and environment. Secondly, this strategy can ease and avoid political risk, desalinate host country residents for the joint venture of foreign capital impression. On the contrary, this strategy will cause technical secret problems. It is hard to guarantee that not let out any secret though the sharing of technical knowledge. Secondly, there will have some coordination problems between subsidiary and parent company.It seems to be impossible to reconcile the subsidiary’s target with parent company’s target. Finally, this strategy needs more capital and resource. So it will suffer a higher risk. Conclusion Through the analysis we have done, we present the worries about Sony’s future development. Although its shared working place and enthusiastic company culture are impressing that shows the respect of equality and the concern of individuals, the lacking sense of fashionable technology will not sm ooth the development way of Sony.Its high quality control spirit will appeal to the frequent and honest customers, but the imitators and the allure of competitive prices will finally take away Sony’s customer base. In addition, the stressful political relationship between China and Japan will influence the choice of electronic consumption in China so that Sony had better seek a boarder market to maintain its sales and work harder on nurturing its product identify.

Celta Assignment 2:Skills -Related Task Essay

Receptive skills: According to J. Harmer in his book The Practice of English Language Teaching, â€Å"receptive skills are the ways in which people extract the meaning from the discourse they see or hear†. In the following text â€Å"Playing with your food† the main skill that is being practiced is reading and along with it other sub-skills are being developed such as practicing new vocabulary, reading for gist in order for the students to understand the main idea. Enhancement of receptive skills will increase the rate at which students comprehend English language and allow students to practice new vocabulary in its context from the text. 1. Generating students’ interest in the topic of the text. The teacher gives the students a picture of a vegetable and then a musical instrument and then writes the title of the text on the board, â€Å" Playing with your food†. The teacher then asks students to take some time and make predictions what they think the text will be about. After that some of their ideas will be listed on the board. Rationale: This activity will help students predict the topic and prepare for the vocabulary that might be used in the studied text. 2. Reading for gist. The teacher will then ask the students to read the text quickly for a couple of minutes after which they will be asked if any of their predictions, from the listed of the board, were mentioned in the text. After discussing the text briefly students will be asked to read and answer the questions in Ex.1 (see attached exercise worksheet) in order to check if they have understood the general idea of the text. After checking their answers the teacher will ask the students â€Å"What is the main idea of the text?†, â€Å" Is this something that you would try yourself?†. Rationale: This task will help students to enhance their ability to read for gist and understand the main idea of the text. And will also help them answer general questions related to the text. (see ex.1 on attached worksheet). 3. Reading for specific information: Teacher will ask students to read questions related to the text and then read the text itself to support their answers. (see ex.2 on attached worksheet). The students will be working in pairs and will check with the text if they find it necessary. Rationale: This exercise allows students to practice reading for specific information for which they need to concentrate while reading in order to find the correct piece of information they are looking for. Practicing productive skills: As J. Harmer says in his book The Practice of English Language Teaching productive skills are a way of helping students with their receptive skills and in many situations production can only continue in a combination with the practice of a receptive skill. Productive skills are important for students, when they learn them in the classroom, as they help them develop a better and more efficient way to communicate and also in this way they learn the correct context of different uses and meanings of words and phrases. They follow the typical intonation and sounding of a language and naturally prepare for formal or informal conversations. 1. Writing: The teacher will play a video of a short musical performance of the Vegetable Orchestra. After watching the video the teacher asks the students to write a short review about the orchestra and if they feel it necessary they can check with the text. The teacher will write on the board some lead- in questions for the students to begin with. – What was the idea of the musicians from Austria that made the so different from other orchestras? – What happens with the vegetable instruments after the concert is over? -What is your opinion of this music? – Do you think their art will gain more popularity in the world? After completing their writings, students will exchange their papers with their partners in order to share opinions and see if they have followed the idea of the text and to correct any spelling or grammatical mistakes they might have made. Rationale: this activity will help students practice spelling, vocabulary, grammar and text formation which differ quite a lot from speaking. 2. Speaking activity: The teacher asks the students to divide in groups and of 2 or 3 and elicits that each group is a musical orchestra that uses different materials for their instruments, such as vegetables, old office materials, fruit or things they can find in nature. Each group will have to decide on its name, style of music, instruments and activities. What kind of songs they have and some history that they can imagine. After this they will have about 5-6 minutes to prepare and then they will have to introduce themselves to the rest of the class. Afterwards the class will vote which musical band might get in the leading positions of the radio charts. This activity will be useful to students as it encourages them to practice new vocabulary from the text, etc. biodegradable, environmentally-conscious, and to interpret the new information in their own way and engage in a spoken dialogue. Ex.1 Read text and answer the following questions: 1. What makes this orchestra different from others? (they make their own instruments from vegetables) 2. How is the orchestra called? (The Vienna Vegetable Orchestra) 3. What happens to the vegetables after a performance finishes? (they make soup with them for the audience) Ex.2 Read the text again, and mark with True or False the following statements. 1. The text is about children who don’t eat their food. F 2. The vegetable Orchestra was founded in 2008. F 3. The musical instruments are made from tropical fruit. F 4. The orchestra plays many different kinds of music. T 5. The musicians perform more than 3 times a year. T 6. The Vegetable Orchestra produces its own instruments. T 7. Carrots are turned into flutes. F 8. The sound of each instrument depends on the quality of the vegetables and the temperature on stage. T Ex. 3 Answer the following questions: 1. Where is the orchestra from? Austria 2. What combinations of vegetables are used together to create instruments? Cucumbers, peppers and carrots and etc. 3. What is used for drums? Pumpkins 4. What makes better instruments, plastic-packed vegetables or fresh vegetables? Fresh vegetables 5. When was the orchestra founded? 1998 6. What is the orchestra musical repertoire formed of ? From classical to electronic Refrences : J. Harmer The Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman, pages 246, 250-252

Major Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Major - Term Paper Example These punctilious checks and measures that are applied in the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada are underpinned by the roles that the holder of this office discharges. These roles are in turn highly sacrosanct to the dispensation of justice throughout Canada, as shall be seen in the discussion that ensues forthwith. First, it is important to note that the Chief Justice of the SCC sits as the chairperson of the Canadian Judicial Council. The Canadian Judicial Council in turn comprises all of Canada’s chief justices, and their associate chief justices who serve in the superior courts. The Canadian Judicial Council which was established by the Judges Act of Canada coordinates all the issues of discussions that concern the judiciary, organizes and facilitates all the seminars that involve federally appointed judges, sets up and carries out inquiries on public complaints or on requests that have been made by the provincial attorney general, or the fede ral Minister of Justice. Normally, these complaints and requests concern the conduct of a federally appointed judge. By extension, the foregoing means that the Chief Justice of the SCC initiates the roles of the Canadian Judicial Council and delegates those roles to those functioning below his office. This means that the Chief Justice is the officer who oversees all the functions immediately above (organizing the seminars for the federally judges, coordinating all issues of discussions that concern the judiciary and making inquiries on complaints lodged by the public, the provincial attorney general or the federal Minister of Justice). In almost the same wavelength, the Chief Justice presides over and guides all the sittings of the Supreme Court. The only exception to this provision is the Chief Justice’s absence. In the event of this absence, the Deputy Chief Justice will chair the sitting of the Supreme Court. The Chief Justice is the same office that has to choose the pane ls of Justices who preside over all the Supreme Court of Canada cases. According to Dodek (2011), the Chief Justice also directs and manages the staff serving in the Supreme Court. This role is of immense magnitude, given that the Supreme Court of Canada has more than 150 employees who are also members of the federal government civil service. At the same time, the import of this development is that matters touching on the welfare of the employees of Canada’s Supreme Courts such as the extension and harmonization of remunerations, workplace safety and standards, efficiency and legal competence among Supreme Court employees and the observation of work and legal ethics are all matters that fall under the Chief Justice’s jurisdiction and responsibility. The case above has a great bearing on the dispensation of justice in Canada. Particularly, matters touching on the harmonization of remunerations, workplace safety and professional standards directly bear on the motivation of the Supreme Court employees, like other members of the federal government civil service. This means that the Chief Justice directly bears on the services and duties which are: giving its views on how a specific law ought to be interpreted and applied by Canada’s entire court system; giving guidance to the lower courts; providing uniformity in the court systems throughout Canada; directing change in interpreting and applying laws; and recommending or even rejecting explicitly the traditional

Definitions of heresy and the descriptions of the trial of Margery Essay

Definitions of heresy and the descriptions of the trial of Margery Kempe - Essay Example During the time during which Margery was practicing her belief, she was at odds with the common belief of the general public. Margery was a woman who in one way or another tried to spread her beliefs to others. This could be counted as preaching which was against the teachings of Paul for a woman to preach to the people. The definition of a heretic includes having deviant faith from the commonly accepted scriptures which Margery was guilty of. She wore all white and claimed to have visions of Christ and Mary that seemed unreal from the scriptures. She could not have been the maid of Mary. Her beliefs were a risk as they would bring discourse should the people have started believing in her faith. It is for this reason that the Archbishop of York did not want her to be escorted by a younger man. He was willing to pay five shillings to an older man to escort her instead because his faith in the common scripture would already be established and tougher to sway (Clark 2007). The definition also includes that the error is ascertained when the individual believing in deviant faith refuses to renounce this faith. Margery refused to denounce her belief before the priest and before the Arch bishop. For this reason, many people were against her and wanted her burnt as they believed that she as committing heresy. It is proved from the definition that an aspect of her faith led her to commit heresy. Despite knowing the scriptures, she did not follow them to the letter which led her to be arrested in several accounts for instance in York. She had different ideologies bout the scriptures and what was expected of the human beings from Christ. The trips that Margery made were in the name of spreading her faith to others which was therefore an act of preaching. She was trying to get more people to share in her faith about the scriptures which was a crime in itself as she was a woman

Emerging Market Firms Investing in Each Other's Home Essay

Emerging Market Firms Investing in Each Other's Home - Essay Example This paper illustrates that maintaining circulation of finances among countries with emerging markets becomes more beneficial to the countries that these locked out from the game. These emerging markets come about as a result of an increase in population and advent of technology, an attempt to pull up the economy by developing nations call for resources. These need for resource create the emerging markets. Developing countries with emerging markets firms tend to invest in each other home with the reason of being cautious about the situation of the local economy in the prescience of foreign firms from the developed world. Sauvant argues that developed nations make efforts towards attracting developing nations into signing business deals. Developing nations with emerging markets are always wary of multinational companies which may pose a risk of extinction to the local firms. More benefits may be realized when emerging markets are exploited by countries with the similar situation so as to have positive development at a relatively similar pace. Development of multinational enterprises will tend to follow the same procedure of having emerging markets as a preference. Most investors would prefer to make multinational deals with nations that have the potential of emerging markets. Operating at the relatively same level of financial ability becomes the driving force. The establishment of enterprises in other countries will follow the emergence of markets for the products which would come from either side. Prospects of emerging fields becoming the new battleground may be realized. For this reason, the impact is always felt on trading partners regionally and in countries which are distantly positioned. For this reason, there has been a record of an increasing number of countries receiving a pull into the economic orbit. According to Kathleen, emerging markets and its leaders sought to create second tiers with a massive flow of investment realizations. Scramble for resou rces creates more pressure hence expectations are made on the first mover longer steps over the emerging heroes. The competition will be realized among emerging markets in regions such as the Middle East and Africa through their government.

Choose two anthropology questions in this six questions and answer Assignment

Choose two anthropology questions in this six questions and answer - Assignment Example As a rite of passage, hajj represents a change in faith as Muslims who attend this annual pilgrimage are considered to have attained great faith in their religious beliefs. Hajj is also a rite of passage because it is a ritual worship that members of the Islamic faith are expected to fulfill (Tagliacozzo 4). The concept of the â€Å"one-and-the-many† can be said to relate to the notions of whether Hinduism is a monotheistic or polytheistic religion. Based on this concept, one understands how the multiplicity of Gods is an issue of concern in the Hindu religion. Among the Hindus, there is a tendency to worship many Gods as opposed to worshiping a certain religious deity. The various deities in the Hindu religion are a representation of a single supreme being known as Brahman. Hindus do not worship many gods; rather, they have only one god and different deities (Morgan

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Terrorism - Assignment Example However, cases in which an individual causes harm to the society in some way because of personal psychological reasons are more recognized as violence instead of terrorism. In such cases, an individual or a group functions to serve its individualistic interests. The group does not form part of a network, and accordingly, the violence does not affect many members of the society. In the recent years, the term â€Å"terrorism† has been frequently employed to explain the use of force to violate human rights. Terrorists are largely connected through networks spread all over the world and the activities they involve in have long lasting impact not only on one nation but on several others that are directly or indirectly associated with the act of terrorism. Terrorists cause harm to individuals they do not even know, yet they do it because their act will be identified and cause upset in the society. A lot of examples have been available in the history to support this. For example, the Sep 11 attack on the twin towers in US was a well planned act of terrorism and had its influence on the relationships of many nations in addition to the immediate loss it caused. 3031 people lost their lives as a result of the attack and the direct and indirect costs incurred by the US were estimated to be $27.2 billion and $500 billion respectively (Looney, 2002 cited in Mora g, 2006). The initial response offered to the incident of September 11, 2001 was that it was expected to change the world forever apart from the instant horror and shock it caused. It was thought that â€Å"the world will never be the same again† (Kegley, 2003, p. 84). Because of those attacks, the security and defense concerns in US have been of prime importance (Zalman, 2010) and the US policies regarding immigration, visa policy and other every day matters have gone an altogether change. The incident of 21 Sep, 2001 has had huge sociological impacts both within