Vibrant Story in Your Narrative Essay Make Your Professor Your Reader

Vibrant Story in Your Narrative Essay Make Your Professor Your Reader Vibrant Story in Your Narrative Essay: Make Your Professor Your Reader This form of essays involves narrations of events and stories and the detailed description of how they unfold. These pieces of writing are used at various stages in school life and the art world. Typically, most assignments include telling stories of an individual’s life and its connection with class themes. These forms of essays are usually engaging and fun, as writers select interesting topics, have rough drafts on them before writing and revise their work after writing. So, here are the tips on how to make your narrative writing interesting and challenging: Go for stories that illustrate themes There are two components of narrative essays: the story itself and its analysis. These essays usually mean to communicate something that may be an issue, concept, event or a certain theme, hence you must use personal chronology to show an idea. Most narrative essays are not referenced or researched but are developed from the personal point of view. The personal artistic is what stands out as evidence to show certain points the author is trying to make. These essays are used to test a person’s creativity in storytelling skills as well as the ability to link current issues to topics in discussion. Always ensure your story stays in line with the prompts Narratives are mostly written in school as assignments or just for artistic purpose driven by certain prompts that might be from the teacher or appropriate parties. However, to make your story captivating you should follow the set guidelines and requirements so as to produce a true masterpiece essay. There are numerous topics that one can write about but the most common ones include: The transformation of a person’s character or personality The lack of privileges and discrimination experiences you’ve had The failure you’ve experienced and the consequences How you overcame some adverse experiences Choose the story with a convenient plot Interesting narratives tells stories in an illuminated and vibrant manner. The story should be brief and concise. Always hit your points head on. One should try to minimize characters complication as much as possible by setting the story and the plot. Long and broad narrations are normally boring. â€Å"My final year in high school† is a topic that is too wide and would have to involve a lot of concepts as opposed to simple but more detailed narrations. Reduce the number of characters as much as possible (but within the bound of reason). Only essential ones are to be incorporated. Make sure your story has vibrant details Best narratives are usually specific in details, portraying specific images and not general. Stories of this kind capture readers to sit through your story till the very end. Consider the following issues when deciding over good essays: Use your imagination (but again, within the bound of reason). Always try and stay true to your story as most narrations are not fictions. So, now you understand what you should focus on to make your narrative paper interesting for your professor. The key is in the detail and topic that should be not too wide but worth of telling about. This way, you’ll be able to show all your narrative skills and make your essay great. At our custom writing service you can buy narrative essays online which will be written by highly qualified academic experts.

Progressive Stuff essays

Progressive Stuff essays TRUTH AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE PROFESSIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF `TRUTH IN ADVERTISING' AND `TRUE AND FAIR' FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA DURING THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Both advertisers and auditors wrestled with the truth of their text during the Progressive Era (1880-1940). Although in North America, advertisers adopted "truth in advertising" as a theme, auditors rejected "true and fair" as a description of financial statements. Auditors instead adopted the weaker statement that financial statements were "consistent with accepted accounting principles." It is paradoxical that auditors compared with advertisers made the greatest progress toward professionalization during this era. This article documents debates about the concept of "truth" in each profession during the Progressive Era and examines the professional and legal consequences of each profession's engagement with truth. The Progressive Era, roughly the period from the depression of the late 1880s through to the late 1930s, represents a period of institutional, technical, and social innovation. During this period, most developed economies made the transition from rural to urban and from agrarian to manufacturing economies. It is a period when sectional interests, including many of the modern professions, developed. The Progressive Era is particularly marked by the conjunction of scientific knowledge and traditional values. It is a period when science and technology were thought capable of providing for the material wants of all and that the issue of social justice could be resolved through knowledge. This conjunction provides the setting in which "truth" is seen as an achievable state. The modern professions emerged from this milieu as occupations concerned with the moral and technical mysteries of life. The exemplars of the professional model were medicine, the law, and teaching. The successful professions lay claim to areas of expertise that were used to defin...

Principles of sovereignty and human rights Essay

Principles of sovereignty and human rights - Essay Example The principle of sovereignty holds that no nation may intervene in the affairs of another. On the other hand, international humanitarian laws hold that nation states must govern within the limits of respect for the human rights of their populace and upon the blatant violation of those rights, is rendered vulnerable to international humanitarian intervention. Even though, the previous phrasing lends to the assumption of an inherent conflict between human rights and sovereignty, this is not necessarily the case. In brief, as long as nation states adhere to the internationally recognized principles of human rights which they agreed upon and adopted through membership in the United Nations, their right to self-determination and autonomy are inviolable. It is only when they transgress upon the aforementioned do they become vulnerable to legitimate humanitarian intervention, implying infringement upon their sovereignty. Human rights and sovereignty are, accordingly, compatible and not nece ssarily contentious and conflicting principles. As one moves from the realm of theory to practice, however, one finds that the concept of humanitarian intervention has often been misused and abused for the purposes of justifying transgression against the sovereign rights of nations. . A critical analysis of the concepts of the right to self-defence, justice and morality on the international stage, indicate that all of the aforementioned have repeatedly been employed as justifications for the transgression against the independence of sovereign nations, with the implication being that while not necessarily contentious, the concepts of humanitarian intervention and sovereignty have been rendered such. Following the September 11th attacks on the United States, the British government, as did the American, sought the justification of the violation sovereignity of nations through a liberal interpretation of the doctrine of self-defence. Already, before September 11th the world's view of the justification of military action had been changing. The only clear case in international relations for armed intervention has been self-defense But the notion of intervening on humanitarian grounds had been gaining currency. I set this out, following the Kosovo war, in a speech in Chicago in 1999, where I called for a doctrine of international community, where in certain clear circumstances we do intervene, even though we are not directly threatened. I said this was not just to correct injustice, but also because in an increasingly interdependent world, our self-interest was allied to the interests of others So, for me, before September 11th was already reaching for a different philosophy in international relations from a traditional one that had held sway since the treaty of Westphalia in 1648; namely that a country's internal affairs are for it and you don't interfere unless it threatens you,

Database Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Database Systems - Essay Example Likewise, every new version bundled with the database, can easily be upgraded with the latest one, enabling enterprises to enhance web technologies and service oriented architecture (SOA) (, Oracle Forms). Industries that can benefit from this technology involves Financial institutions, Stocks and bonds, Communications, Aerospace, Manufacturing, Retail, Healthcare, Legal, Government and Educational institutes. Furthermore, Oracle Forms assist business developers to create all-inclusive java client applications rapidly, without writing any java codes. Similarly, these applications are created on the basis of rapid application development (RAD) and are optimized for Internet. Of course, java client applications meet and exceed requirements of professional user communities. Furthermore, these web-deployed applications are rich in functionality and available on demand for express processing of large queries and rapid achievement of complex calculations, transactions and analysis. The int egration of builders in â€Å"Oracle forms developer† facilitates business developers to construct complex database forms and business logic robustly with nominal efforts and time. In addition, the developments tools provide powerful features including wizards, drag and drop, and built in menus. Moreover, these powerful features contribute for a creation of fully purposeful applications from database definition with minimum coding in record time. The Oracle forms developer† endow with an open and extensible user interface model, enabling full customization and integrations of applications with Java (, Oracle Developer Tools). To match the pace for the rapidly demands of changing business environment, developments teams are facing challenges, in terms of enhanced application functionality, enhanced user interface and high performance complex configurations. Finally, â€Å"Oracle forms developer† provides a scalable and flexible architecture to deploy and develop h igh performance enterprise solutions to cater business requirements. Furthermore, the existence of integrated delivery environment is operational for Internet applications, to expand and perform by processing thousand of concurrent users (, Oracle Developer Tools). The limitations consist of the GUI functionality that does not work on the forms deployed on the web. For instance, it is not possible to program or modify the cursor style to hourglass. 2 Oracle Reports Oracle reports are an advanced reporting tool used for dynamic and enterprise level reporting. Moreover, it enables businesses to expand and organize information to all levels within in and outside of the organization. It is a component of Oracle fusion middle-ware which is Oracle’s award winning, high-fidelity enterprise reporting tool. In addition, this tool enables businesses to provide instant access to information at all stages in or outside of the organization in an expandable and safe environment. Oracle Rep orts includes Oracle Reports Developer - a prevailing, (WYSIWYG) report design tool and a J2EE 5.0 based Oracle Reports Server. Furthermore, it is a multi-tier architecture to access data sources and develop reports in any format for the web and paper, and to distribute reports to any possible target. Oracle vestiges committed to the development of this technology, and to the continuing release as a component of the Oracle Fusion Middle-ware platform (, Oracle

Management and Keller Essay Example for Free

Management and Keller Essay The centre of the case is a problem between tow management member, Wolfgang Keller (managing director) and Dimitri Brodsky (commercial director). Keller is superior of Dimitri and he he’s not satisfied with Dimitri’s performance since he joined the company two years ago. Keller now is considering three options: firing Brodsky, helping him to improve his performance or reorganizing the company around Brodsky by splitting marketing and sales. Wolfgang Keller is 34 years old. He studied at Harward and University of Cologne. His first job was at a Gemran food manufacturer firm. First, he was a strategic planner there, but soon he became a general manager at an Ukrainian subsidiary and after he got promoted to be a general manager at a German subsidiary. He achieved his first big successes there and gained reputation in his profession. After 2 years he switched to the Ukrainean subsidiary of Kà ¶nigsbrau, a beer amnufacturer, as managing director. There he also made success by increasing the subsidiary’s earnings to â‚ ¬7 million per year. He made significant changes through restructuring the marketing strategy and hiring new top-management group. The top-management in Munich was also impressed by his activity. Recently, Keller spent two month in Brazil to manage a start-up joint venture. Kà ¶nigsbrau’s Ukrainean subsidiary was founded 12 years before Kà ¶nigsburg aquired it. After, a man named Vladimir Antonov took the title of chaiman. Keller could get his job, because his predecessor had bad relationship with Antonov, so he was transfered back to Germany. Keller’s relationship with Antonov is good, but Antonov misses being involved into daily operations. The strategy of the company is to consolidate and strenghten the company’s distributors by offering heavy support. The strategy also includes heavy advertising, quality services and high margins. In the Ukrainian liqueur market personal relationships and trust between the company and distributors is essential. Another challange is converting people from vodka and cheap beers towards premium beers. Keller’s intention was to strenhgten relationships and create personal contacts with the distributors. Dimitri Brodsky is 10 years older than Keller and he has a very different personality. He is a cultivated and intellectual person. Before this firm he was a commercial director at a Ukrainian subsidiary of a US toiletries firm, but he also has experience from the United States and France. He was hired to balance the young  managers at Kà ¶nigsbrau. He has a good but distant relationship with Antonov. The problem between Brodsky and Keller is the very different uptake about how to handle the employees and the business partners. Keller prefers closer relationship with the employees, because he thinks this helps them to be more loyal and enthusiastic. Furthermore, he doens’t avoid personal topics. With the costumers and partners he encourages the same attitude, because he thinks it’s very important and essential for a business relationship. Brodsky, on the contrary, prefers formality and distance. He also beleives in separation between the pesonal and professional life and he deals with the employees and costumers this way. The source of problem between h im and Keller is this different attitude. Keller thinks that Brodsky is just reluctant to take care of everyday business. However, Keller seems inpatient and action-oriented from Brodsky’s angle.

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

EDGAR ALLEN POE BIOGRAPHY Edgar Allen Poe was born in 1809 in Boston. His stories were about love and sadness. He died when he was 40 years old in 1849. People said that they found him unconscious and believed him drunk. He was an excellent writer that kept people fascinated with stories. He died as he lived all his life was miserable and with out hope. It believed that he uses a drug named opium that helped him use his imagination and he uses alcohol. Those were his inspirations and his story's that were so fabulous come from there. These things were making him crazy and took him out of control. A thing that made him even more crazy is that everyone he had ever met or loved always semmed to have died from a disease called tuberculosis. This made him very depressive also. He was born to very poor family. His father was an actor that barley buy meat to eat. He was a little boy when his father abandoned him and their brothers. After that his mother got sick and few months later she died. He went to live with wealthy rich people but his father didn't want to adopt him. His father was a businessman and decided to move to England there he went to school to Manner House School. In 1820 he returned to Virginia but he couldn't afford it and decide left school. He fall in love with a neighbor her name was Elmira, but her father didn't want to accept their relationship. His stepfather criticized him about his story saying that they were workless and he decided to leave his house. He went to a military service but he realized that he like more poems than to be in the military service. He often wrote letters to Elmira unknowing that her father received the letters. She married a rich man and become a rich woman. He became heart broken and he began to write love poems. He was living with his real father, sister, muddy and her daughter. After that he married muddy's daughter at the age of 27 she was 13 years old. She became sick of tuberculosis and died at the age of 24. He didn't know how to support the family because the poems didn't give him enough money.

Voting System

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 B ACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Students’ Union is asked to work beyond its capacity. It would be useful to have a voting (democratic) system to ensure that the Student Council’s rulings are not lost in an overload of demands and those students ’ union workload priorities match student priorities. One of the most crucial factors for a voting system to be successful is to exhibit a Voting Protocol that can prevent opportunities for fraud or for sacrificing the voter's privacy.The Voting Protocol that will be designed and implemented for this voting system will combine the advantages of existing protocols and techniques, while at the same time it will aim at eliminating most of the identified deficiencies and problems. The voting system includes three actors: Voter, the voting system’s operator, and the administrator. Eligible voters have to register themselves, assisted by the Administrator, before the â€Å"election day†.The sys tem ensures that only registered voters can vote and vote only once on the election’s day, and collects the cast votes and tally the results of the election. Voter privacy is somehow maintained and vote tampering is prevented in this system. 1. 1. Historical background Since the San Miguel National High School started to elect their SSG officers, they have been using manual voting system, where they have to use more time just to prepare the materials for the election.The election will start by posting the list of name of the candidates, giving the exact number of sample ballots in every class rooms, and disposing one ballot box in each class rooms. The San Miguel National High School always elect officers every 3rd week of February for every year just to ensure that there will be someone to watch the students during the vacation. 1. 1. 1 Organizational Chart See Appendix A 1. 1. 3 Organizational Function President-the highest-ranking member of an organizationVice President-an official rank below a president, who can take the president’s place if necessary. Secretary-somebody elected or appointed to keep records of the meetings of an organization such as a club, society, or committee, and to write or answer letters on its behalf. Treasurer-somebody who manages the finances of an organization, usually the chief financial officers. Auditor-somebody who checks accounts or conducts an audit of an organization.PIO -somebody who make sure that the public, the media and every organization involved in the crisis are constantly informed on the progress being made to resolve the emergency at hand. Project Manager-somebody who matches available resources (time, money and people) against business project aims Sergeant at Arms-somebody appointed to keep order within an organization such as a legislative body or court of law, and to perform various other duties such as making arrest. Representatives-somebody who speaks, acts, or votes on behalf of others. 1. 2 Objectives of the study 1. 2. 1 General objective of the study To create an automated voting system for San Miguel National High School, to promote student use of technology in the election process for the school’s Student Council, thus making their digital inclusion possible and viable, and to show that technology can facilitate the student participation in school life and prepare them to become conscious and responsible citizens of the greater society. 1. 2. 2 Specific objective of the study * To lessen the time consume during the student council system. * To permit only eligible voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. To reduce the manual procedure of task and to prevent human error for someone to prepare the election each year. * The system should allow and assist voters to cast their votes quickly, in one session, and with minimal equipment or special skills. 1. 3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This proposed system is designed to provide fast and a ccurate student’s council election of San Miguel National High School. This voting system is capable in storing voter’s registration as well as calculates their votes for finalizing the winners of the election. All computations during the election are done in a reasonable amount of time.It will also provide a printed result of the election. 1. 4 Significance of the study` An election is a decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office. Elections rely heavily on manual tallying and canvassing of votes thus making them vulnerable to control and manipulation. To ensure a credible and transparent electoral process, the modernization of the electoral system through computerization shall be supported to ensure the credibility of polls and correct the deficiencies in the electoral system.It is extremely fast, allowing obtaining final results in a matter of minutes. It has a very complete and user-friendly interface for system operato rs and as well as the voters. Furthermore, the challenge is to develop the student’s appreciation of their vote as a means to reform the administration and receive better services from it. This type of voting system encourages the student’s to promote suffrage. 1. 5 Summary of the study `The proposed system will lessen their effort and time in reading, storing, and calculating of the students’ votes.It will be easier for COMELEC officer to conduct election in their school. It will provide accurate result of voting and fast type of automated election for the student council in San Miguel National High School. CHAPTER II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Theories used in analyzing the system The current voting management in student’s council election is manual, thus resulting in time consuming on part of the electoral officer. Everything need to be done on paper. All files are on the envelope and transferring of files needs an effort of the electoral officers. We a re now in age of the echnology. We should be able to use technology to a much greater extent it is in the current manual system. This encourage the proponents to conduct an interview, research and study to have an idea in making a system that can be used to easily store, calculate and finalized the result of automated election without the effort of election officer and the voters. The researchers finally come up with the Student Council Voting System which provides the LAN links to transfer and transmit the data of votes with high security and accuracy. 2. 2 Review of related studies Based on what Alecks P.Pabico said, â€Å"Six years ago, the idea of automated elections for student council posts in the University of the Philippines in Diliman was unimaginable, at least for me. It wasn’t necessarily because we couldn’t muster the technology and logistics, but there was simply neither a need nor a clamor for paperless voting. A lot of things have changed since then, an d automated elections are no longer a thing of the past in UP Diliman. Now on its second year, and notwithstanding minor glitches in the system, electronic voting has proven to be a worthy improvement in one of the basic democratic processes in modern society.Alecks got to UP a little past 2 p. m. last February 24, the day of the student council election this year. As a registered graduate student, he had made sure to drop by the campus to cast votes, first time to participate in the automated system on a university-wide scale. There was already a long queue outside the designated voting center at the College of Arts and Letters. Some students were waiting for their names to be located on the list, while others were waiting for their turn at the computer terminals. There were no paper ballots or ballot boxes in sight. † 2. 3 Findings on related studies and theories According to Alecks P.Pabico (a writer of the investigate Reporting Magazine), for the more important aspects of the electoral process from voter registration, voting, vote counting to canvassing – touches of modernity have been an elusive as replies with substance from candidates. Yet for the most part the problem stems not from a lack of available technological solutions. A comprehensive computerized voting system encompassed the three major phases of the elections; registration, voting and tabulation. Pilot tested in council elections in universities, it has proven to be an effective safe-guard against fraud and manipulation like dag-dag –bawas. . 4 Terms Adopted in the Study 2. 4. 1Technical terms Automated election system – a system using appropriate technology for voting and electronic devices to count votes and canvass/consolidate results. Computer literacy-defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and technology efficiently. Data – a collection of facts, figures, and statistics related to an object. Database – a collection of related or si milar records that are mostly used together. Data security – the means of ensuring that data is kept safe fromcorruption and that access to it is suitably controlled.Existing system- a system that is currently being used by the institution. Networking- the act of working using computer network or the act of connecting computers into network. System design- the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. User friendly-a system that is easy to learn and to use. 2. 4. 2 Operational terms Automation- the automatic operation or control of equipment, a process, or a system. Election – is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.Input – the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. Output – the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system and which activate/modify a process. Registration- the act of registering or being registered. CHAPTER III ARCHITECTURIAL DESIGN 3. 1 The Existing System The existing system of San Miguel National High School when having a Student Supreme Government (SSG) election, all transactions like voters’ registration and voting, is done manually. The election is held during the 3rd week of February for every year.To be one of the candidates for the election the student must have a grade of at least 85% and above. The student who is running for president must be a 3rd year student. During the election, the SMNHS’ COMELEC will prepare a sample ballots and a ballot box for each class room. To vote, the students have to write the names of the candidates for every position that they want to elect. For the validation of votes, every student will have to put thumb marks on the sample ballots. After the election, the COMELEC, along with the SSG adviser, will count the votes one by one in front of the entire student. . 1. 1 Data Flow Diagram See appendix B 3. 2 Problem Identifications of the Existing System This section presents all the problems identified by the researchers after gathering all data by means of interviewing the SSG Adviser of San Miguel National High School. 3. 2. 1 Presentation of the Problems The following are the problems identified by the researcher based on the gathered data. 3. 2. 1 . 1The process of counting the votes one by one is kind of time consuming process. 3. 2. 1 . 2The votes cannot be secured or can be falsifies. 3. 2. 1. The writing of the student may not be clear. 3. 2. 1. 4The COMELEC officers disregard the student that did not vote. 3. 3 The Proposed System 3. 3. 1 Needs for the System The system needs maintenance to maintain the security, accuracy and the capacity of the system. 3. 3. 2 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System See Appendix C 3. 4 Objectives of the Proposed System To help the School especially the San Miguel National High School to their manually voting of their organization (SSG). 3. 4. 1 General Objective of the proposed System To create an automated voting system for the San Miguel National High School. 3. 4. 2 Specific Objective of the proposed System 3. 4. 3. 1 The system functionality should ensure that no one can falsify or modify the result of the voting by eliminating a valid vote or counting an invalid vote in the final tally. 3. 4. 3. 2 A system that provides a log-on security to secure the votes and to ensure that only authorized person can access the system. 3. 4. 3. 3 The system that permits only eligible voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. 3. 4. 3. To ensure that no one can duplicate his or someone else's vote and no one can change someone else's vote. 3. 4 Users of the System The SMNHS Student Council Voting System is intended for the use of San Miguel National High School’s student, SSG president and COMELEC officers. It will help the COMELEC Officers to register students, prepare the election, and calculating the votes. It will lessen the time they consumed conducting a student council election. It will lessen the effort of the SSG president and COMELEC officers preparing and distributing the sample ballots and ballot boxes to each room. 3. Environment of the Usage System The following are activities that can be done by the use of the new system: 3. 6. 1 The system accept data inputs to create student records such as their student number, name, address, age, gender, year and section. 3. 6. 2Lessen the time consumed during the counting of votes. 3. 6. 3 Student who has already voted cannot vote again. 3. 6. 4Automatically prints the result of election. 3. 6. 5 Administrator is the only person to access the system. 3. 7 Components of the Proposed System 3. 7. 1 General features of the Proposed System The general features of the proposed system are the following: 3. . 1. 1 Menu Driven –pertaini ng to software that makes extensive use of menus to enable users to choose alternatives and guide program operations. 3. 7. 1. 2Help Facilities–in which offer the users to support in the learningprocess. 3. 7. 1. 3 User Friendly-it provides user friendly features that will help the user to interact easily in manipulating the system. 3. 7. 1. 4 Reliability –the system performs specific task correctly to support the transaction entered. 3. 7. 1. 5 Security –it will include password to ensure that unauthorized user cannot read or use the data to make sure that the ystem files are safe in unnecessary information and for the privacy of counting of voting. 3. 5. 3 Functions of the System 3. 5. 4. 5 Visual Table of Content – Program Level See Appendix D 3. 5. 4. 6 Visual Table of Content – Module Level See Appendix E 3. 5. 4. 7 Visual Table of Content – System Level System Level PASSWORD 0 Main Module Menu 1. 0 Voting Menu 2. 1 Select 2. 2 Submit 2 . 3 Exit 2. 0 Official Ballot 3. 4 Submit 3. 5 Back PASSWORD 0 Main Module Menu 1. 0 Admin Menu 2. 1 Add Voter 2. 2. 1 Generate Student’s ID 2. 2. 2 Generate Password 2. 2. 3 Add Voter 2. 2. 4 View 2. . 5 Save 2. 2 Voters’ list 2. 3. 6 Select 2. 3 Candidate list 2. 4. 7 Delete 2. 4 Search 2. 5. 8 Search by ID 2. 5. 9 Search by Name 2. 5 About 2. 6 View 2. 7. 10 Candidate list 2. 7 Application Form 1. 7. 1 Candidate Registration 2. 8 Report 2. 9. 11 Canvassing Report 2. 9. 12 Voters’ Report 2. 9. 13 Section/Year Report 2. 9 Tool 2. 10. 14 Password 1. 10 Exit 3. 7. 3 Systems Inputs The following are the input of the system: 3. 7. 3. 1Password that contains a set of characters uses to log-in the Administrator for the system to operate (to register students and begin the voting). . 7. 3. 2 The students’ number, name, address, age, year, and section. 3. 7. 3. 3The students’ vote for every position. 3. 7. 4 System Outputs The following will be the output of the system: 3. 7. 4. 1 The system will produce the printed result of the election. 3. 7. 4. 2The list of the registered student who did not vote. 3. 7. 4. 3 The list of candidates in their selected position. 3. 7. 4. 4 The current status of the election 3. 7. 5 Input – Process – Output – Charts 3. 7. 5. 1 System IPO See Appendix F 3. 7. 6 Data DictionaryA Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School (SMNHS) Student Council Voting System Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Users| UserID| UserID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Username| Username| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Password| Password| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Position| PositionID| PositionID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Position| Position| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Voters| VoterID| VoterID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Username| Username| Text| xxxxxx| | | Passwo rd| Password| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Name| Name| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Year| Year| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Section| Section| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Voted| Voted| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Candidates| CandidateID| CandidateID| Number| xxxxxx| N/A| K| | PositionID| PositionID| Number| xxxxxx| | | | Name| Last;First Name| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Year| Year| Number| xxxxxx| | | | Section| Section| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Photo| Photo/Image| OLE Object| . jpg/. png| | | | Votes| Votes| Number| xxxxxx| | | A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Entity ___________________________________________________________________ Label:Voters Entry Type: Description: Alias: Values and Meanings: Input Data flow: Vote Output Data flow: Notes: Long Name: Registered Student ____________________________________________________________________ Label:User Entry Type: Description: Alias: Values and Meanings: Input Data flow: Outpu t Data flow: Notes: Long Name: Admin ____________________________________________________________________ A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Elements ___________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Student’s ID Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Student’s Password Type and Length:Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin __ __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: First Name Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Last Name Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: ————————————————- User Responsibility: Admin _____________________________ ___________________________________________ Default System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Label: Year levelType and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security: Admin Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Section Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: ————————————————-User Responsibility: Admin 3. 5 Development Flowchart and Schedule 3. 8. 1 Gantt chart See Appendix G 3. 6. 4 System Flowchart See Appendix H 3. 6. 5 Program Flowc hart See Appendix I CHAPTER IV DETAILED DESIGN 4. 1Standards and Conventions This chapter will explain the standard and convention used in design of the proposed system to ensure the uniformity throughout the system and to emphasize the system very well. 4. 1. 1 Design Methodology The proposal used the top-down programming approach as the design technique in the process of developing the simulation of the system.This approach refers to a problem solving technique which involves in voting, analysis to the total of vote, design of the program or solution in terms of large objectives, designing the modules and subroutines needed in the program and finally writing the detailed code. 4. 1. 2 Program Naming and Convention A special name was given to all programs of every module in a way that it describes each subprogram in order to represent the function to be performed. Names are related to each subprogram giving emphases on what each module is performing. This can be seen in the module specification section on this chapter. 4. 1. File Naming and Convention Each record of the student used in the program was classified with their student number so that the user can easily understand and can vote wisely for the running candidates. Each student who already voted is automatically save in the database of the system for validation of the processes performed by each subprogram. 4. 2 Module Specification This section discusses all information about modules of the proposed system. Name:System Password Purpose:To protect and secure the election to illegible voters Entry:Password Exit: Inputs:Valid Password Outputs:Main Menu Errors: Calls:Voting MenuCalled by: Remarks: Name:Voting Menu Purpose:To provide ballot form for the students Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Official Ballot Errors: Calls:1. 1 Select, 1. 2 Submit, 1. 3 Exit Called by: 0 MAIN Menu Remarks: Name:Official Ballot Purpose:To show the list of elected candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 Back Called by: Voting Menu Remarks: Name:System Password Purpose:To provide and secure votes to unauthorized person Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Admin Menu Errors: Calls:2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 BackCalled by: 0 MAIN Menu Remarks: Name:Admin Menu Purpose:To display Admin Menu Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 1 Add Voter, 1. 2 Voters’ List, 1. 3 Candidate List, 1. 4 Search, 1. 5 About, 1. 6 View, 1. 7 Application form, 1. 8 Report, 1. 9 Tool,1. 10 Exit Called by: Voting Menu Remarks: Name:Add Voter Purpose:To Register new voter Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 1. 1Generate Student id, 1. 1. 2 Generate Student Password, 1. 1. 3 Add voter, 1. 1. 4 View, 1. 1. 5 Save Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Voters’ ListPurpose:To View the list of voters and update voters’ status Entry:Choice Ex it:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Voter’s Registration Form Errors: Calls:2. 1 Select Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate List Purpose:To View the list of candidates and delete former candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 3. 1 Delete Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Search Purpose:Search the voters record Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 4. 1Search by ID, 1. 4. 2Search by Name Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:AboutPurpose:About the system and the Developers Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs: Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:View Purpose:You can view the candidates list and voters list Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 6. 1 Candidate list Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate list Purpose:You can view the candidates list Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Ex it Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 6. 1. 1 President List, 1. 6. 1. 2 V-President List, 1. 6. 1. 3 Secretary List, 1. 6. 1. 4 Treasurer List1. . 1. 5 Auditor List, 1. 6. 1. 6 PIO List1. 6. 1. 7 Project Manager List, 1. 6. 1. 8 Sergeant at Arms List1. 6. 1. 9 4th Yr. Representative List,1. 6. 1. 10 3rd Yr. Representative 1. 6. 1. 11 2nd Yr. Representative List, 1. 6. 1. 12 Gr. 7 Representative List Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Application Form Purpose:The Application Form of the candidates and voters Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate Registration Purpose:Display the registration form of the said position Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:ChoiceOutputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Report Purpose:The canvassing report and the candidate displayed Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display inform ation Errors: Calls:1. 8. 1 Canvassing Report, 1. 8. 2 Voters’ Report 1. 8. 3 Section/Year Report 1. 8. 4 Result Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Canvassing Report Purpose:To know the outstanding report of the candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 1. 1President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 2 V-President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 3 Secretary Candidates,1. 8. 1. Treasurer Candidates 1. 8. 1. 5 Auditor Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 6 PIO Candidates 1. 8. 1. 7 Project Manager Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 7 Sergeant at Arms Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 8 4th Yr. Representative Candidates 1. 8. 1. 9 3rd Yr. Representative Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 10 2ndYr. Representative Candidate, 1. 8. 1. 11 Gr. 7 Representative Candidates Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Voters’ Report Purpose:The numbers of voters who vote and who did not, and the total of votes Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 2. 1Sear ch, 1. 8. 2. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 2. 3 Print Called by: Admin MenuRemarks: Name:Section/Year Report Purpose:The numbers of registered voters Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 3. 1Search, 1. 8. 3. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 3. 3 Print Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Result Purpose:To display the result of the election Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 4. 1 Refresh, 1. 8. 4. 2 Print Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Tool Purpose:Display the student password Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 1. 9. 1 Password Called by: Admin MenuRemarks Name:Exit Purpose:Close the system if you want Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: 4. 2 Module Specification MODULE: MAIN Menu This section calls the other modules or program. Mouse and menu driven may used to ac cess each subprogram. MODULE: PASSWORD The module requires users’ ID and a correct password. If the password is correct, the Voting Menu and Admin Menu that we used by only one module at a time will be automatically display. MODULE: VOTING MENU The module provides ballot form for the registered student to vote. MODULE: ADMIN MENUThe module provides menu for the admin to access, manage, maintain and secure files. DATA ENTRY For the Voting Menu the different option includes Select, Submit, and Exit. For the Admin Menu includes Generate, Add Voter, Save, View, Select, Delete, Find, and Print. OFFICIAL BALLOTS Show the candidates to be elected. APPLICATION FORM The module provides registration form for Voters and candidates. ABOUT Show information about the system. EXIT Close the Menus 4. 4 File Specification System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: DiskTable name: Candidate Organiza tion: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| Candidate ID| AutoNumber| | PositionID| Text| | Name| Text| | Year| Number| | Section| Text| | Photo| OLE Object| | Votes| Number| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Position Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| PositionID| Text| | Position| Text| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: DiskTable name: Users Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| UserID| AutoNumber| | Username| Text| | Password| Text| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Voters Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| VoterID| AutoNumber| | Username| Text| | Passwo rd| Text| | Name| Text| | Year| Text| | Section| Text| | Voted| Text| | 4. 5 Screen Format See Appendix J. 4. 6 Report Format See Appendix K. 4. 7 Hardware Specification ITEMS| SPECIFICATIONS/BRAND| PRICE|Computer Terminal| Compaq(Compaq435)- AMD-Windows 8 Pro-2 GB DDR Memory-500GB Hard Disk Drives-Less than 25 mm thin and 2. 5 kg light-ODD/HDD-A large volume hard disk and 8X DVD-Super Multi drive in a small form factor for massive storage and media usage-LAN/VGA Port-Multimedia Card- Optical disk access indicator-Kensington lock slot-802. 11 b/g/n Wi-Fi| P 20,000. 00| Power Supply| | 29. 00| | | Total P20,029. 00| 4. 8 Cost Benefit Analysis 4. 8. 1 Presentation of Cost 4. 8. 1. 1 Existing System Expense A. Supplies Expense Description| Unit Cost| Qty/Day| Qty/Year| Cost/Year| Ball pen| 10/pc| 50pcs. | 50pcs| 500. 00|Bond Paper| 170/rim| 4 rim| 4 rim| 680. 00| Pentel Pen| 48/pc| 40pcs. | 40pcs| 1,920. 00| Manila Paper| 5/pc| 15pcs. | 15pcs| 75. 00| Staple Wire| 10/box| 10box| 10pcs| 100. 00| Stapler| 150/pc| 10pcs| 10pcs| 1,500. 00| Folder| 12/pc| 35pcs| 35pcs| 420. 00| Ballot Box (Carton)| 5/pc| 35pcs| 35pcs| 175. 00| Packing Tape| 45/pc| 10pcs| 10pcs| 450. 00| Printer| 3,400/pc| 1pc| 1pc| 3,400. 00| Pencil| 6/pc| 50pcs| 50| 300. 00| Ink| 300/set| 1set| 1set| 300. 00| Certification| 3/pc| 24pcs| 24pcs| 72. 00| Snacks (Teachers ;Comelec)| 100| 30pcs| 30pcs| 3,000. 00| | | Total Supplies| Expense/yr| P 12,892. 00| B. Electric ConsumptionHours/Day| Cost/Hour| Daily Rate| Cost/Year| 8| 36. 00| 288. 00| 288. 00| | Total Electric| Expense per Day| P288. 00| Total Existing System Expense P 13,180. 00 C. Equipment Expense Quantity| Item| Price| 1| Power Supply| P 300. 00| 6| Printer Ink| 600. 00| Total Equipment Expense P 900. 00 D. Maintenance Expense Maintenance Fund Expense/Day| 0| Total Maintenance ExpenseP 0. 00| E. Computer Utilization Expense Software Package Cost Visual Basic 6. 0 Microsoft Access 2007| Total Software Costs P 5,000. 00 F. Training/Seminar Exp ense 1 day Training/Seminar Expense| P 300. 00| | | Total System Expense P 6,700. 0 4. 8. 2 Presentation of Benefits YOP| Cost| Future Value| Present Value| Acc. Present Value| 0| -6,700. 00| | | | 1| | P 3,000. 00| P 2,800. 00| P 2,800. 00| 2| | 4,000. 00| 3,780. 00| 6,580. 00| 3| | 5,000. 00| 4,894. 00| 11,474. 00| 4| | 6,000. 00| 5,132. 00| 16,606. 00| 5| | 7,000. 00| 6,356. 00| 22,962. 00| Rate of Return (ROR) (E/C) – 1/nLet E = Earning C = Cost n = Number of days (P 22,962 / P 6,700) – 1/5 = (3. 4272) – 0. 2 = 3. 2272 or 0. 3227% Payback Period ( APV – C/ APV) + Previous YearLet Cost = 6,700. 00 AVP = 16,606. 00 Previous Year = 3 (16,606. 00 – 6,700. 00 / 16,606. 00) + 3 = (0. 59653) + 3 = 3. 9 (3 years and 6 months) CHAPTER V IMPLEMENTATION 5. 1 Implementation Phase In this section, the proposal will discuss the activities that they have to vote in order to the flow of the system. It is included also the maintenance of the system in order to avoid the redundancy of the voting and to keep the good performance of the system for the student of using automated election. The implementation of this proposed system though conditions will also be presented to insure it accuracy, capability in reaching the intended target, effective for producing a desire voters in the election, integrity and to further check the errors. . 2 Program Specification The Visual Basic 6. 0 was used by the system to develop the software programs. Visual Basic 6. 0 offers a file handling performance needed by the system and it is integrated with Microsoft Access 2013 on which the proposed design the database management system. 5. 3 Program Testing After all the modules of the program have been finished, the proposed system test is to see if the output is performed very well for the satisfaction of the user and to avoid the errors that will occur during the election day.Although the proposed system is simulation, the test showed that San Miguel National High School voting system performed the high standard, accuracy, and the reliability of the system. 5. 4 Security and Back Up plans The proposed system has own password for the intended user to protect the system from unauthorized access information. This system also provides an option to create back –up copies of information on the system and place it in secured place outside of the company. Authorized personnel are responsible to keep the back –up files so the in the case of system loss, regeneration is possible. . 5 Maintenance Plan The back –up files should be made in order to maintain the system from possible loss of important data and damages programs. These files are most significant when unexpected hardware failure results in damages program file and loss of data, so the user should at least make two (2) copies of all files every data processing for a better maintenance of the system. 5. 6 User Training In order to have an effective operation of the sys tem, the proposed system suggest that the user should be trained on how to interest with the system to ensure the integrity of the system.The training of the student to use the system is help by the intended administrator who knows the system. This Automated SSG election system is user friendly to ensure the success implementation. CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 6. 1 Conclusion As other School and establishments, San Miguel National High School together with their existing system, faced various problems. San Miguel National High School still utilizes the some manual procedure in preparing for their student council election.We, the researchers formulated the objective of the study: To find out the flow and functionality of the present semi-automated system and likewise. Propose and present an automated Student Voting Council system to the sufficient and more lessen of preparing for the coming student election. To cope up with the problems, the researcher’s initial st ep was to study and conduct some interview to school (e. g. SSG Adviser, Officers, and Students). We analyzed the present system so as to locate the various limitations therein.Observations were also done in order to find out the conditions and steps for the voting system. Elections rely heavily on manual tallying and canvassing of votes thus making them vulnerable to control and manipulate. To ensure a credible and transparent electoral process, the modernization of the electoral system through computerization shall be supported to ensure the credibility of polls and correct the deficiencies in the electoral system. To eliminate many ineffective features of the present system, the researcher come up with proposed system modeled basically to counter act the above limitations.Some steps that made the process quit long eliminated as the automated program was sufficient enough. Computations were accomplished by the computer itself while files were kept in order and gathered with reliab le security. The study revealed that utilizing computers will in the long run be financially beneficial to the School. Based on the findings and data gathered, the researchers have come up with the following conclusions: 1. The existing system of San Miguel National High School when having a Student Supreme Government (SSG) election, all transactions like voters’ registration and voting, is done manually. . The existing system generates many problems such as redundant voters, time consuming, heavy workload (esp. SSG Adviser). And difficulty in updating and editing the files of the voters. 3. That there is need for an enhancement of their system due to the problem of their existing system, a new system is entirely required to the substitute the present process that is quit inferior. Voting can be made available in the same day of election. The COMELEC will not be busy the week before the election to prepare all the ballot of every student.The day of the Election they can easil y print the winner of the election signed by SSG adviser. 4. That the new system would meet the limitations of the existing manual system. The proposed automated SSG voting council system is effective because the computation and manipulation of files are done by the computer, thus eliminating redundancy, voters records will be refrained these may be possibly eliminated. 5. The researchers also recommend this study to the students as a guide in doing the same study in other public or private purposes. 6. 2 RecommendationsThe researchers recommend that the proposed system be implemented as to put an end may enormous work shouldered, by the voters in the COMELEC of San Miguel National High School. In implementing this system, the COMELEC can work harmoniously have more quality time spent for other tasks, and system will be freed from deficiencies. The researchers believed that the proposed system offers quality services without spending much time and effort. It is also recommended that the school comply with the requirements of the proposed system so that difficulties may be possibly eliminated.

Somehow, changes took place

For quite some time the effects of drugs and alcohol to the individual and the society were clandestine. They were enjoyed and well-loved. They were a part of life to many people not so long ago.Somehow, changes took place and the humble and interesting results of these substances have gradually become unpopular. Experiences as shared by many families with members who have succumbed themselves to drug addiction and alcoholism were quite destructive and harsh.In fact, when the harmful effects could no longer be hidden, a huge number has already been destroyed. Those who were saved are lucky but still its rampant attractiveness to emotionally-weak persons leads them to greater danger.To begin with, there are accounts as to the constructive beginnings of alcohol around the world. In the 17th and 18th century, alcohol was a common part of life, involved in almost all aspects of life from everyday activities to special occasions (Levine, 2007).First, alcohol during this period, even today , brings life to social gatherings like parties. Alcohol was at the center of every celebration or any social gathering big or small (Heron, 2003).When it fact it has some truth, if not true at all, alcohol is a relaxing and pleasurable drink which makes a drunk person really â€Å"feel good.† In addition, occasions were said to be more â€Å"alive† when there’s alcohol around. Moreover, it is also used in religion and worship across time aside from its nutritional value and therapeutic purposes.The people during the colonial era though of drunkenness as â€Å"normal,† not really something to worry about, however, it was not appreciated as well. Different societies have their own culture of alcohol and drinking.Come 19th century, diversity in the image of drinking and alcoholism shed light. It was during this period that â€Å"drinking† was seen as an addiction and a disease. People who craved for alcohol were acts not seen for pastimes or for amus ements anymore but as a compulsion wherein the alcoholic drinkers were said to be â€Å"trapped† in a â€Å"hole† which they cannot escape from.In other words, the existence of â€Å"alcohol addiction† came into being. At this time, many anti-alcohol movements were created denouncing alcohol intake and since then alcohol and other fermented drinks have lesser popularity.The advent of the 20th century gave more prohibitions as to the use of alcohol. Restrictions to alcohol as codified in laws and regulations are prominent anywhere in the world today because of the numerous alcohol-related mishaps which have taken place.Accidents are proven to be of increasing possibility if they involve liquor consumption. In the United States for example, American minors or those below 18 years old are not allowed to drink and buy alcohol from business establishments.During the present times, alcoholism is considered a deviant behavior, often discouraged and tabooed by majority of society. To the more lenient ones, alcoholism is allowed but to a minimal and controlled extent provided that it does not harm oneself and others.This is common among Asian countries which are quite loose in their alcohol mandates. Habitual drinkers who are determined to reform are placed in rehabilitation programs and organizations like the Alcoholics Anonymous.If alcoholics are almost criticized by the civil society, drug addicts are instantaneously condemned by the general public. But despite our knowledge of the destructive effects of prohibited drugs, it is still a wonder why more and more people are locked in this vice.Many lives have failed because of too much drug intake. Some common addictive drugs include major stimulants as cocaine and amphetamines, opium, heroin and morphine.

History of Feral Rabbits in Australia

History of Feral Rabbits in Australia Rabbits are an invasive species that has caused immense ecological devastation to the continent of Australia for over 150 years. They procreate with uncontrollable velocity, consume cropland like locusts, and contribute significantly to soil erosion. Although some of the governments rabbit eradication methods have been successful in controlling their spread, the overall rabbit population in Australia is still well beyond sustainable means. History of Rabbits in Australia In 1859, a man named Thomas Austin, a landowner in Winchelsea, Victoria imported 24 wild rabbits from England and released them into the wild for sport hunting. Within a number of years, those 24 rabbits multiplied into millions. By the 1920s, less than 70 years since its introduction, the rabbit population in Australia ballooned to an estimated 10 billion, reproducing at a rate of 18 to 30 per single female rabbit per year. The rabbits started to migrate across Australia at a rate of 80 miles a year. After destroying two million acres of Victorias floral lands, they traversed across the states of New South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland. By 1890, rabbits were spotted all the way in Western Australia. Australia is an ideal location for the prolific rabbit. The winters are mild, so they are able to breed nearly year-round. There is an abundance of land with limited industrial development. Natural low vegetation provides them with shelter and food, and years of geographic isolation has left the continent with no natural predator for this new invasive species. Currently, the rabbit inhabits around 2.5 million square miles of Australia with an estimated population of over 200 million. Feral Australian Rabbits as Ecological Problem Despite its size, much of Australia is arid and not fully fit for agriculture. What fertile soil the continent has is now threatened by the rabbit. Excessive grazing by the rabbit has diminished vegetative cover, allowing wind to erode away top soil. Soil erosion affects revegetation and water absorption. Land with limited top soil can also lead to agricultural run-off and increased salinity. The livestock industry in Australia has been widely affected by the rabbit. As food yields decrease, so does the cattle and sheep population. To compensate, many farmers extend their livestock range and diet, farming a wider expanse of the land and thus further contributing to the problem. The agricultural industry in Australia has lost billions of dollars from the direct and indirect effects of the rabbit infestation. The introduction of the rabbit has also strained the native wildlife of Australia. Rabbits have been blamed for the destruction of the eremophila plant and various species of trees. Because rabbits will feed on seedlings, many trees are never able to reproduce, leading to local extinction. Additionally, due to direct competition for food and habitat, the population of many native animals such as the greater bilby and the pig-footed bandicoot has declined dramatically. Feral Rabbit Control Measures For much of the 19th century, the most common methods of feral rabbit control have been trapping and shooting. But between 1901 and 1907, the Australian government went with a national approach by building three rabbit-proof fences to protect the pastoral lands of Western Australia. The first fence stretched 1,138 miles vertically down the entire western side of the continent, starting from a point near Cape Keravdren in the north and ending in Starvation Harbor in the south. It is considered to be the worlds longest continuous standing fence. The second fence was built roughly parallel to the first, 55 - 100 miles further west, branching off from the original to the southern coast, stretching 724 miles. The final fence extends 160 miles horizontally from the second to the western coast of the country. Despite the enormity of the project, the fence was deemed unsuccessful, since many rabbits traversed over to the protected side during the construction period. Additionally, many have dug their way through the fence, as well. The Australian government also experimented with biological methods to control the feral rabbit population. In 1950, mosquitoes and fleas carrying the myxoma virus were released into the wild. This virus, found in South America, only affects rabbits. The release was highly successful, as an estimated 90-99 percent of the rabbit population in Australia was wiped out. Unfortunately, because mosquitoes and fleas do not typically inhabit arid areas, many of the rabbits living in the continents interior were not affected. A small percentage of the population also developed a natural genetic immunity to the virus and they continued to reproduce. Today, only about 40 percent of rabbits are still susceptible to this disease. To combat the reduced effectiveness of myxoma, flies carrying a rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), was released in Australia in 1995. Unlike myxoma, RHD is able to infiltrate the arid areas. The disease helped reduced rabbit populations by 90 percent in arid zones. However, like myxomatosis, RHD is still limited by geography. Since its host is a fly, this disease has very little impact on the cooler, higher rainfall regions of coastal Australia where flies are less prevalent. Moreover, rabbits are beginning to develop resistance to this disease, as well. Today, many farmers still use conventional means of eradicating rabbits from their land. Although the rabbit population is a fraction of what it was in the early 1920s, it continues to burden the countrys eco- and agricultural systems. They have lived on Australia for over 150-years and until a perfect virus can be found, theyll probably be there for several hundred more. References Australia Government: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2011, May 27). Feral Animals in Australia. Retrieved from: environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/feral-animals-australiaABC Science (2009, April 09). Australias battle with the bunny. Retrieved from: abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/04/08/2538860.htmBroomhall, F.H. The Longest Fence in the World. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press, 1991

Scholarships Are Hard to Win Draft a Dazzling Essay

Scholarships Are Hard to Win Draft a Dazzling Essay Scholarships Are Hard to Win: Draft a Dazzling Essay A great scholarship essay provides unique insight into an applicants ambitions. Writing a winning scholarship essay depends on your creation of something exclusively yours. Dig deep into your personal drive and passion, look inward, and develop an essay that only applies to you and your experience. Judges reward individuality. A winning scholarship generally follows these basic principles: Understand the Scholarship Committee’s Evaluation Criteria Scholarship committee judges typically rely on two key criteria for evaluating scholarship application essays: leadership and community impact. Leadership Scholarship essays should convey the extent of leadership experience, the results, and degree of accomplishment. They should also demonstrate your passion, sincerity, and inspiration to get involved in a project. Describe your obstacles, how you overcame them, and how the experience helped shaped you as a leader. A scholarship is an investment in your future, so if you plan to continue your involvement in a particular leadership activity, let the judges know. Community Impact Essays about community impact should convey your long-term commitment to community activity. Provide a genuine and specific reason why helping others is important to you. Your essay should also show the impact you’ve had on your community (i.e. what would be different for the people involved, if you didnt volunteer your time?) Lastly, express what community service, sharing, and giving has taught you. Identify Key Themes If the essay question inquires, Where have you demonstrated leadership or innovation, and how did it make a difference in your work or community? recognize the key themes center around community and leadership. Comprehend the Meanings of Key Themes Once you identify key themes, it is equally important to reflect the â€Å"true† meaning of these ideas. The more comprehension you have for the scholarship committee’s motivation for creating these themes, the more examples you will be able to provide from your personal experience, demonstrating your abilities and contributions. Use Synonyms/Keywords from the Scholarship Statement Repeating keywords stated in the scholarship/essay requirements demonstrates your commitment to the question being asked. Use synonyms whenever possible; avoid merely repeating the question or mission statement. Engage Your Readers from the Beginning An engaging start to your essay draws in the judges and shows you are an ideal candidate who shares their commitment to the topic. This helps convince judges to invest in you and support your intended path. If you are finding it difficult to complete a scholarship application essay, consider using essay writing services. specializes in scholarship and university application essay writing. For more information about our services, please contact us via our website, or call 1-800-573-0840.

Research about coca cola in the states Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

About coca cola in the states - Research Paper Example I also seek to works with a firm that has respect for its employees and that provides channels for career growth. In a modern world, sustainability is extremely crucial and all firms need to be not only sensitive to sustainability issues but also have a solid plan to manage sustainability. As I seek for a firm in which to work, I hope to work with a firm that has a well developed sustainability plan. To get the most credible information, the study will begin by surfing the company’s website with the intention of looking for the way the firm looks at the various issues that have been indicated above. The study will seek to look at the company’s website and thus look at the various pieces of information provided by the firm. This will be with regarded to the following issues; This will provide an insight of the way in which Coca Cola looks at its human resource and whether it provides for growth channels for its employees’ careers. This will enable me to understand whether the firm will give me the kind of career growth that I am looking for. Once this information is gotten from the website, it will then be reinforced or criticized with information from other professional websites to look at the validity and objectivity of this information. This will also provide valuable information about the firm with regard to how it looks at the issues at hand. Step three will be to look at how various scholars have regarded the firms, especially from a critical point of view. This will aid in getting a better picture of the firm’s operations and also from a historic point of view. Coca Cola is one of the most globalized firms in the world. Unlike most companies that claim to be globalized despite the fact that they have not yet reached every corner of the habited planet, Coca Cola operates in all parts of the globe, even the

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC - Essay Example Lack of passion in agriculture and biology as subjects and redefined personal and professional goals that identify with civil engineering are therefore the immediate motivation into the desire to change my academic program and institution. While Cal Poly Pomona also offers civil engineering program, I prefer studying the course at USC because of its better facilities and staff that has earned it a better reputation among engineering colleges, being ranked better Cal Poly Pomona. This means that I shall develop greater potentials at USC than at Cal Poly Pomona, a factor that will enhance my long-term career and academic objectives. My primary and short-term objective is to complete the civil engineering program with outstanding academic and technical potentials for a faster career establishment and career development path. I also plan to study civil engineering at graduate and postgraduate levels and therefore desire a strong foundation that USC promises than the Cal Poly Pomona does. The transfer will, therefore, help me pursue my academic and career goals with higher success potentials and I look forward to your kind consideration that will facilitate these objectives.